Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model

Nadia, Joanna; Olenskyj, Alexander G.; Stroebinger, Natascha; Hodgkinson, Suzanne M.; Estevez, Talia G.; Subramanian, Parthasarathi; Singh, Harjinder; Singh, R. Paul; Bornhorst, Gail M.

doi:10.1039/d0fo02917c

Cited by 25 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…These larvae may have hindered mixing of gastric juices with feed in the proximal stomach. This was also found in previous studies comparing rigid (e.g., roasted almonds) to soft (e.g., cooked rice) feed items ( 70 , 71 ). The consequences of a higher proximal stomach digesta pH for nutrient utilization are unclear, as this depends on numerous other factors such as gastric emptying rate and buffering capacity ( 70 , 71 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This was also found in previous studies comparing rigid (e.g., roasted almonds) to soft (e.g., cooked rice) feed items (70,71). The consequences of a higher proximal stomach digesta pH for nutrient utilization are unclear, as this depends on numerous other factors such as gastric emptying rate and buffering capacity (70,71). The caecum of LL piglets was longer and marginally heavier than that of CC piglets.…”

Section: Post-weaningsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Providing Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to Ease the Weaning Transition of Piglets

et al. 2022

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Weaning is a stressful event for piglets, involving substantial changes to their nutritional and social environment. Providing edible enrichment around weaning may ease the weaning transition by increasing pre-weaning feed intake and improving post-weaning performance, health, behavior, and affective state. In this study, we investigated the effects of providing live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as edible enrichment pre- and/or post-weaning. Pre-weaning, piglets received either only creep feed (Pre-C, n = 14 litters) or creep feed and live BSFL (Pre-L, n = 15 litters) ad libitum, and post-weaning piglets either had no access to live BSFL (Post-C, n = 24 pens) or they could rotate tubes that released BSFL (Post-L, n = 24 pens) at levels up to 20% of their expected daily dry matter intake, resulting in treatments CC, CL, LC, and LL. No interaction between pre- and post-weaning treatment was found for any of the measured parameters. Before weaning, Pre-L piglets preferred to interact with larvae over creep feed, and Pre-C piglets interacted more with creep feed than Pre-L piglets. Total time spent on feed-directed behaviors did not differ. Continuous larvae provisioning increased caecum length and proximal stomach digesta pH, while it decreased the passage of glucose and fluorescein isothiocyanate through the colon wall on d3 post-weaning (CC vs. LL, n = 12 piglets/treatment). Post-weaning diarrhea and final body weight were not affected by treatment. After weaning, Pre-C piglets tended to eat more and grew marginally faster than Pre-L piglets. Post-C piglets spent more time eating and had a higher feed intake post-weaning than Post-L piglets. Based on home-pen behavioral observations, Post-L piglets actively explored and ate the larvae. Post-C piglets spent more time on exploring the environment and nosing pen mates, and they spent more time on manipulating pen mates on d8 and played more on d8 & 15 compared to Post-L piglets. Piglet responses to a novel environment and an attention bias test on d4 & 5 post-weaning were not influenced by larvae provisioning. In conclusion, pre-weaning larvae provisioning did not improve pre-weaning feed intake and post-weaning performance, however post-weaning larvae provisioning did benefit piglet behavior as less manipulation of pen mates was observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Post-weaningsupporting

confidence: 70%

Assessing the Effectiveness of Providing Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to Ease the Weaning Transition of Piglets

et al. 2022

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“…These larvae may have hindered mixing of gastric juices with feed in the proximal stomach. This was also found in previous studies comparing rigid (e.g., roasted almonds) to soft (e.g., cooked rice) feed items (Bornhorst et al, 2014;Nadia et al, 2021). The consequences of a higher proximal stomach digesta pH for nutrient utilization are unclear, as this depends on numerous other factors such as gastric emptying rate and buffering capacity (Bornhorst et al, 2014;Nadia et al, 2021).…”

Section: Post-weaningsupporting

confidence: 66%

Fly in the coop : How black soldier fly larvae improve broiler and pig welfare

Ipema¹

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Commercially housed broilers frequently experience limited environmental stimulation and various health issues, compromising their welfare. Providing environmental enrichment can alleviate these problems by facilitating natural behaviour and activity. We investigated the effect of providing live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to broilers housed at commercial densities (33 kg/m 2 ) on behaviour, fearfulness, health, and performance. One-day-old broilers were distributed over five treatments with eight pens/treatment: a control treatment without BSFL; two treatments where 5% of the daily nutrient intake was replaced with live BSFL, provided four or seven times a day; and two treatments where 10% of the daily dietary intake was replaced with live BSFL provided four times a day or in transparent, movable tubes with holes. In all BSFL treatments foraging behaviour, and thereby broiler activity, was increased. Prolonged access to live BSFL, either by providing larvae seven times a day or in tubes, caused the largest increase in activity while also decreasing the time spend in tonic immobility, indicating reduced fearfulness. Broiler final weight and health were not affected. Overall, long-term access to live BSFL seems most effective in improving broiler welfare by facilitating natural behaviour and reducing fearfulness, without hindering broiler performance and health.

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“…However, recently, it has been demonstrated that gastric starch digestion plays an important role in pigs [ 20 ]. Pigs demonstrated the ability to model human meal starch digestion [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Mouth and Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coarse feed increased mean retention time and improved the fractioning of gastric content [ 16 ]. Larger particle size resulted in higher pH at the proximal part of the stomach than at the distal part [ 21 ]. This also can be manifested in altered microbiota (members of the genera Lactobacillus and Mitsuokella and propionate and butyrate producers are stimulated) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Mouth and Stomachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Health and Influencing Factors in Pigs

Szabó

Lugata

Ortega

2023

Animals

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The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a complex, dynamic, and critical part of the body, which plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of ingested nutrients and excreting waste products of digestion. In addition, GIT also plays a vital role in preventing the entry of harmful substances and potential pathogens into the bloodstream. The gastrointestinal tract hosts a significant number of microbes, which throughout their metabolites, directly interact with the hosts. In modern intensive animal farming, many factors can disrupt GIT functions. As dietary nutrients and biologically active substances play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and eubiosis in the GIT, this review aims to summarize the current status of our knowledge on the most important areas.

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Tracking physical breakdown of rice- and wheat-based foods with varying structures during gastric digestion and its influence on gastric emptying in a growing pig model

Abstract: There is currently a limited understanding of the effect of food structure on physical breakdown and gastric emptying of solid starch-based foods during gastric digestion. Moisture uptake, pH, particle size,...

Cited by 25 publications

References 80 publications

Assessing the Effectiveness of Providing Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to Ease the Weaning Transition of Piglets

Assessing the Effectiveness of Providing Live Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to Ease the Weaning Transition of Piglets

Fly in the coop : How black soldier fly larvae improve broiler and pig welfare

Gut Health and Influencing Factors in Pigs

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