Tracking Host Trees: The Phylogeography of Endemic<i>Psittacanthus sonorae</i>(Loranthaceae) Mistletoe in the Sonoran Desert

Ornelas, Juan Francisco; García, José Manuel Guerra; Ortiz-Rodríguez, Andrés Ernesto; Licona-Vera, Yuyini; Gándara, Etelvina; Molina‐Freaner, Francisco; Vásquez-Aguilar, Antonio Acini

doi:10.1093/jhered/esy065

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This pattern supports the 'parasite niche hypothesis' (Lira-Noriega and Peterson, 2014): the distribution of parasites is mediated by their autecology instead of the distribution of their hosts. Evidence in support of this hypothesis has been found for mistletoe species in families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae (Lira-Noriega and Peterson, 2014;Ramírez-Barahona et al, 2017;Ornelas et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Sdm Results Indicate That Suitable Environmental Conditi...mentioning

confidence: 76%

What explains the high island endemicity of PhilippineRafflesia? A species distribution modeling analysis of three threatened parasitic plant species and their hosts

Obico

Lapuz

Barcelona

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Premise: Rafflesia are rare holoparasitic plants. In the Philippines, all but one species are found only on single islands. This study aimed to better understand the factors contributing to this distribution pattern. Specifically, we sought to determine whether narrow environmental tolerances of host and/or parasite species might explain their island endemicity, or, instead or in addition, the limited distribution of Rafflesia species is the result of a narrow overlap between the environmental requirements of host and parasite. Methods: We used Maxent species distribution modeling to identify areas with suitable habitat for R. lagascae, R. lobata, and R. speciosa and their Tetrastigma host species. These analyses were carried out for current climate conditions as well as two future climate change scenarios. Key results: Whereas species distribution models indicated suitable environmental conditions for the Tetrastigma host species in many parts of the Philippines, considerably fewer areas have suitable conditions for the three Rafflesia species. Some of these areas are found on islands from which they have not been reported. All three species will face significant threats as a result of climate change. For R. lagascae and R. lobata, these may include a loss of suitable area as a result of changes to the distribution of their host species. Conclusions: Our results suggest that limited inter-island dispersal abilities and/or specific environmental requirements are likely responsible for the current pattern of island endemicity of the three Rafflesia species, rather than the environmental requirements of their Tetrastigma host species.

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Section: The Sdm Results Indicate That Suitable Environmental Conditi...mentioning

confidence: 76%

What explains the high island endemicity of PhilippineRafflesia? A species distribution modeling analysis of three threatened parasitic plant species and their hosts

Obico

Lapuz

Barcelona

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The discrepancy in detecting population expansion, based on the Tajima’s D , Fu’s F S , and R 2 statistics, reflects different responses to past changes (e.g. population reduction, population subdivision, a recent bottleneck) or high gene flow between populations [ 63 ]. However, these changes could be recent in evolutionary times and could be related to anthropogenic factors, as reported in other studies carried out with canid pathogens [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography and population differentiation in Hepatozoon canis (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) reveal expansion and gene flow in world populations

et al. 2021

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Background Hepatozoon canis is a protozoan transmitted to dogs and other wild carnivores by the ingestion of ticks containing mature oocysts and is considered the principal cause of canine hepatozoonosis in the world. Here, we examined ribosomal RNA 18S gene sequence variation to determine the genetic differences and phylogeographic diversity of H. canis from various geographical areas around the world. Methods We used 550 publicly available sequences of H. canis from 46 countries to assess haplotype relationships, geographical structure, genetic diversity indices, and relationships among populations. We performed neutrality tests and pairwise comparisons of fixation index (FST) values between groups and pairwise comparisons of FST values between populations. To determine whether populations are structured, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) were performed. Results The dataset of H. canis yielded 76 haplotypes. Differentiation among populations indicated that there is no phylogeographical structure (GST = 0.302 ± 0.0475). Moreover, when samples were grouped by continents a significant FST was obtained, meaning that populations were genetically differentiated. The AMOVA showed that 57.4% of the genetic variation was explained by differences within populations when all locations were treated as a single group and revealed that there is no population structure when populations are grouped into two, three, and four groups (FCT, p > 0.05), suggesting that dispersal between populations is high. SAMOVA revealed significant FCT values for groups K = 5. The Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs show that populations have undergone recent expansion, and the mismatch distribution analysis showed population expansion (multimodal distribution). Conclusions The current molecular data confirmed that H. canis does not show phylogeographic or population structure. The haplotypes exhibit low genetic differentiation, suggesting a recent expansion due to gene flow among populations. These results provide pivotal information required for future detailed population genetic analysis or to establish control strategies of this parasite. Graphical abstract

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“…For instance, vicariant barriers are often more obvious features on the landscape than ecological or climatic factors. In the western USA and Mexico, it was thought for decades that river and seaway barriers drove diversification of dozens of desert species, but recent work has highlighted the importance of less visible climatic phenomena as perhaps equally or more impactful (Dolby et al, 2015 , 2019 ; Ornelas et al, 2018 ; Valdivia‐Carrillo et al, 2017 ). The reason these findings are important is they change the hypothesized causal structure —they shift our understanding of what processes are important for shaping species diversification or distributions (Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Imagining Causality For Earth–life Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a unified framework to study causality in Earth–life systems

Dolby

2021

Molecular Ecology

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There is considerable interest in better understanding how earth processes shape the generation and distribution of life on Earth. This question, at its heart, is one of causation. In this article I propose that at a regional level, earth processes can be thought of as behaving somewhat deterministically and may have an organized effect on the diversification and distribution of species. However, the study of how landscape features shape biology is challenged by pseudocongruent or collinear variables. I demonstrate that causal structures can be used to depict the cause–effect relationships between earth processes and biological patterns using recent examples from the literature about speciation and species richness in montane settings. This application shows that causal diagrams can be used to better decipher the details of causal relationships by motivating new hypotheses. Additionally, the abstraction of this knowledge into structural equation metamodels can be used to formulate theory about relationships within Earth–life systems more broadly. Causal structures are a natural point of collaboration between biologists and Earth scientists, and their use can mitigate against the risk of misassigning causality within studies. My goal is that by applying causal theory through application of causal structures, we can build a systems‐level understanding of what landscape features or earth processes most shape the distribution and diversification of species, what types of organisms are most affected, and why.

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Tracking Host Trees: The Phylogeography of EndemicPsittacanthus sonorae(Loranthaceae) Mistletoe in the Sonoran Desert

Cited by 11 publications

References 81 publications

What explains the high island endemicity of PhilippineRafflesia? A species distribution modeling analysis of three threatened parasitic plant species and their hosts

What explains the high island endemicity of PhilippineRafflesia? A species distribution modeling analysis of three threatened parasitic plant species and their hosts

Phylogeography and population differentiation in Hepatozoon canis (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) reveal expansion and gene flow in world populations

Towards a unified framework to study causality in Earth–life systems

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