Tracing Cationic Nutrients from Xylem into Stem Tissue of French Bean by Stable Isotope Tracers and Cryo-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Metzner, Ralf; Schneider, H.; Breuer, U.; Thorpe, M. R.; Schurr, Ulrich; Schroeder, Walter H.

doi:10.1104/pp.109.143776

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The only difference was that the stem retained a slightly larger proportion of 73 As, while leaves contained a smaller proportion of 73 As, than in the root-feeding experiment. This difference could be due to a lower xylem flow in the cut-stem feeding experiment as a result of the reduction in xylem tension (Metzner et al 2010). However, this difference did not appear to influence the proportion of 73 As distributed to the grain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Arsenic translocation in rice investigated using radioactive 73As tracer

et al. 2011

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Background and aims Excessive accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) may pose a health risk to rice consumers. Long-distance transport of As within plant tissues is not well understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate As translocation from roots to shoots and from shoot tissues to rice grain. Methods At the grain filling stage, 73 As-labelled arsenite was fed to roots, cut stems or flag leaves of rice. The root-feeding experiment also included a treatment of steam girdling near the base of panicle to block phloem transport. 73 As distribution in different tissues was quantified after 2 or 4 days. Results In the root-feeding experiment, about 10% of the 73 As taken up was distributed to shoots mostly in stems and leaves, with 3.3% of the shoot 73 As found in the grain. Steam girdling decreased grain 73 As by 97%. In the stem-feeding experiment, most 73 As was retained in the stem with 3.9% distributed to the grain. In the flag leaf-feeding experiment, 12-15% of 73 As was exported to other tissues with 2-3% reaching the grain. Conclusions As (mainly arsenite) has a relatively low mobility within rice plants. Arsenite was transported to rice grain mainly through the phloem. A small proportion of arsenite fed to flag leaves can be transported to grain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Arsenic translocation in rice investigated using radioactive 73As tracer

et al. 2011

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“…NanoSIMS has been used to reveal the uptake and competition between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant roots for 15 N labeled ammonium [55,56]. Pulsing cut stems of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants with 26 Mg, 41 K, 44 Ca, and H 2 18 O and using cryo-SIMS to image their distribution at different times revealed a rapid exchange of cations between xylem vessels and the adjacent xylem parenchyma cells, and a slow exchange with cambium and phloem; the three cations also exhibited different exchange kinetics [57,58]. In these studies, samples were shock-frozen in melting propane, fractured, and analyzed under cryo-conditions, thus preserving the cellular structure and in situ element distribution.…”

Section: Trends In Plant Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging element distribution and speciation in plant cells

Zhao

Moore

Lombi

et al. 2014

Trends in Plant Science

138

103

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To maintain cellular homeostasis, concentrations, chemical speciation, and localization of mineral nutrients and toxic trace elements need to be regulated. Imaging the cellular and subcellular localization of elements and measuring their in situ chemical speciation are challenging tasks that can be undertaken using synchrotronbased techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectrometry, and mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We review the advantages and limitations of these techniques, and discuss examples of their applications, which have revealed highly heterogeneous distribution patterns of elements in different cell types, often varying in chemical speciation. Combining these techniques with molecular genetic approaches can unravel functions of genes involved in element homeostasis. Spatial and chemical information of mineral element homeostasisPlants take up a range of mineral elements from the soil, some of which are essential for growth, whereas others are non-essential [1]. Deficiencies of essential elements are a major limiting factor for crop production in many areas worldwide, whereas excessive accumulation of both essential and non-essential elements can lead to phytotoxicity [1]. Accumulation of some elements, such as cadmium (Cd) [2] and arsenic (As) [3], in the edible parts of crops may pose a significant risk to human health well before phytotoxicity occurs. By contrast, there is a need to increase essential micronutrients, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), in plantbased foods to alleviate their deficiencies in humans [4]. Plant nutrition research aims to understand how minerals are acquired, transported, distributed, stored, and used in plants. This knowledge is important not only for sustainable agricultural production but also for ensuring the nutritional quality and safety of agricultural products [5].Analyses of total elemental concentrations can now be performed using high-throughput platforms to reveal the ionomic profile (see Glossary) of plant tissues [6]. Although the total concentrations of minerals can provide information about the capacity for uptake and translocation, it is well recognized that minerals are distributed heterogeneously across different cell types [7]. Not only may the total concentrations vary at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular scales but also the chemical speciation of minerals may vary. This spatial information is crucial for understanding the homeostasis of minerals, particularly how different cell types and, fundamentally, different genes function in controlling the distribution, complexation, and storage of minerals, and how these processes vary among diverse plant species in the ecophysiological context.A range of techniques are available for mapping element distribution at various spatial scales. Traditional methods, such as energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and proton (particle)-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), have been u...

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“…The collection of xylem sap was based on a protocol that was described previously (Metzner et al, 2010). Briefly, stems from N. benthamiana were harvested 7 d postinoculation by agroinfiltration with pCambiaTuMV/6K 2 : GFP.…”

Section: Xylem Sap Collection and Western-blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%