<i>Turnip mosaic virus</i> Moves Systemically through Both Phloem and Xylem as Membrane-Associated Complexes

Wan, Juan; Cabanillas, Daniel Garcia; Zheng, Huanquan; Laliberté, Jean‐François

doi:10.1104/pp.15.00097

Cited by 79 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(105 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As has been well established, the potyviral VRC consists of several viral proteins, such as 6K2, NIb, P3, VPg, NIa-Pro, and CI, which have been shown to be essential for viral replication (25,28,30,51). To test if 6K1 is colocalized with 6K2, fully expanded leaves of N. benthamiana were infiltrated with cells from an agrobacterial culture (OD 600 , 0.2) harboring pVPH::6K1GFP (which was created by removal of the mCherry expression cassette from WT::6K1GFP), and 24 h later, these leaves were infiltrated with cells from an agrobacterial culture (OD 600 , 0.1) harboring pGWB454-6K2 (for transient expression of the fused 6K2-RFP).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6K2 is an integral membrane protein (22,23) and induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replication vesicles that target the chloroplast for robust viral replication (24,25). Viral proteins P3, CI, VPg, NIa-Pro, and NIb are associated with 6K2-induced VRCs, which have been identified to be elements essential for viral genome replication (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Nevertheless, not much work has been devoted to the functional characterization of 6K1, and no defined roles have been assigned to this small peptide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plum Pox Virus 6K1 Protein Is Required for Viral Replication and Targets the Viral Replication Complex at the Early Stage of Infection

Cui

Wang

2016

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potyviral RNA genome encodes two polyproteins that are proteolytically processed by three viral protease domains into 11 mature proteins. Extensive molecular studies have identified functions for the majority of the viral proteins. For example, 6K2, one of the two smallest potyviral proteins, is an integral membrane protein and induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-originated replication vesicles that target the chloroplast for robust viral replication. However, the functional role of 6K1, the other smallest protein, remains uncharacterized. In this study, we developed a series of recombinant full-length viral cDNA clones derived from a Canadian Plum pox virus (PPV) isolate. We found that deletion of any of the short motifs of 6K1 (each of which ranged from 5 to 13 amino acids), most of the 6K1 sequence (but with the conserved sequence of the cleavage sites being retained), or all of the 6K1 sequence in the PPV infectious clone abolished viral replication. The trans expression of 6K1 or the cis expression of a dislocated 6K1 failed to rescue the loss-of-replication phenotype, suggesting the temporal and spatial requirement of 6K1 for viral replication. Disruption of the N-or C-terminal cleavage site of 6K1, which prevented the release of 6K1 from the polyprotein, either partially or completely inhibited viral replication, suggesting the functional importance of the mature 6K1. We further found that green fluorescent protein-tagged 6K1 formed punctate inclusions at the viral early infection stage and colocalized with chloroplast-bound viral replicase elements 6K2 and NIb. Taken together, our results suggest that 6K1 is required for viral replication and is an important viral element of the viral replication complex at the early infection stage. IMPORTANCEPotyviruses account for more than 30% of known plant viruses and consist of many agriculturally important viruses. The genomes of potyviruses encode two polyproteins that are proteolytically processed into 11 mature proteins, with the majority of them having been at least partially functionally characterized. However, the functional role of a small protein named 6K1 remains obscure. In this study, we showed that deletion of 6K1 or a short motif/region of 6K1 in the full-length cDNA clones of plum pox virus abolishes viral replication and that mutation of the N-or C-terminal cleavage sites of 6K1 to prevent its release from the polyprotein greatly attenuates or completely inhibits viral replication, suggesting its important role in potyviral infection. We report that 6K1 forms punctate structures and targets the replication vesicles in PPV-infected plant leaf cells at the early infection stage. Our data reveal that 6K1 is an important viral protein of the potyviral replication complex.T o establish their infection, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses remodel and recruit host cellular membranes to assemble the viral replication complex (VRC), which consists of both viral proteins and host factors, for robust viral replication (1-4). Therefore, t...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plum Pox Virus 6K1 Protein Is Required for Viral Replication and Targets the Viral Replication Complex at the Early Stage of Infection

Cui

Wang

2016

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, although plant viruses are transported between cells through plasmodesmata, recent evidence indicates that an alternative viral trafficking pathway involving apoplastic vesicles might exist. Using high‐end microscopy, it was shown that vesicles containing viral RNA occur outside the cells and in xylem vessels during Turnip mosaic virus and Potato virus X infection (Wan et al ., ; Wan and Laliberté, ). Although the authors suggest that the virus may move through pit membranes from phloem into immature xylem for replication before cell death occurs, the above findings could suggest the possibility that the viral RNA may enter xylem by an exosomal pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Niehl

Heinlein

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary RNA silencing and antiviral pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double‐stranded (ds)RNAs as defence‐inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer‐like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous ‘danger’ molecules with emphasis on immune signalling‐associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.

show abstract

“…39,40 Lateral movement of both organic and inorganic substances from phloem to xylem is well known. 41 Thus, if a heavy metal is exported from a contaminated leaf via the sieve elements, it possesses the potential for subsequent lateral movement into, and re-distribution within, the xylem. Unloading processes associated with sieve elements have received little attention, but studies on organic assimilates have indicated that unloading is not confined to any specific site, but may take place over the entire length of the transport conduits.…”

Section: Foliar-absorbed Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Assessment of the Doable Utilisation of Dendrochronology as an Element Tracer Technology in Soils Artificially Contaminated with Heavy Metals

Aljerf¹,

Choukaife²

2018

BIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Turnip mosaic virus Moves Systemically through Both Phloem and Xylem as Membrane-Associated Complexes

Cited by 79 publications

References 89 publications

Plum Pox Virus 6K1 Protein Is Required for Viral Replication and Targets the Viral Replication Complex at the Early Stage of Infection

Plum Pox Virus 6K1 Protein Is Required for Viral Replication and Targets the Viral Replication Complex at the Early Stage of Infection

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Review: Assessment of the Doable Utilisation of Dendrochronology as an Element Tracer Technology in Soils Artificially Contaminated with Heavy Metals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About