Tracheobronchial and alveolar dose of submicrometer particles for different population age groups in Italy

Buonanno, Giorgio; Giovinco, Gaspare; Morawska, Lidia; Stabile, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.066

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Submicrometer particle measurements (nucleation and accumulation modes) provide very good information about contributions from combustion processes, and enable a much better distinctions to be made between combustion and mechanically generated aerosols (Morawska et al, 2008). Consequently, we applied the methodology described in our previous work (Buonanno et al, 2011b) based on the dosimetry model proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 1994). Mass particle distributions during the period under investigation are reported in Fig.…”

Section: Particle Size Mass Distribution Trends In the School Gymsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5-20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5-8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.

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Section: Particle Size Mass Distribution Trends In the School Gymsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…A variety of methods exist to more accurately determine the amount of particles reaching the target tissue, often described as the effective dose. Deposition models, like the human respiratory tract model developed by the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP), calculate the deposited fraction in each part of the lung [50][51][52] . The effective dose is much less frequently studied in field studies in free-living populations, and only a few scripted studies have done this 42,53,54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Dons

Laeremans

Orjuela

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Physical activity and ventilation rates have an effect on an individual's dose and may be important to consider in exposure-response relationships; however, these factors are often ignored in environmental epidemiology studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate methods to estimate the inhaled dose of air pollution and understand variability, in the absence of a true gold standard metric. Five types of methods were identified: (1) methods using (physical) activity types; (2) methods based on energy expenditure, METs (metabolic equivalents of task) and oxygen consumption; (3) methods based on heart rate or (4) breathing rate; and (5) methods that combine heart and breathing rate. Methods were compared using a real-life dataset of 122 adults who wore devices to track movement, black carbon air pollution and physiological health markers for three weeks in three European cities. Different methods to estimate minute ventilation performed well in relative terms with high correlations among different methods. But in absolute terms, ignoring increased ventilation during day to day activities could lead to an underestimation of daily dose by a factor 0.08 to 1.78. There is no single best method and a multitude of methods are currently being used to approximate dose.The choice of a suitable method to determine dose in future studies will depend both on the size and the objectives of the study.

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“…The lung deposited particle surface area concentrations at the mainstream, regardless of the deposition in the lung tract, are extremely higher than particle concentration levels which people are exposed to in typical indoor, outdoor, and occupational environments [49,56,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72], thereby resulting in extremely high doses received by smokers as hereinafter reported.…”

Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Deposited Particle Surface Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle surface area doses (expressed as sum of alveolar and tracheobronchial fractions) were 1.13 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 and 8.85 × 10 4 mm 2 ·day −1 for male and female smokers, respectively. These huge dose values are larger than the overall daily dose in terms of surface area received by the non-smoking Italian population [56,70], and even larger than those received by people in highly polluted indoor environments, such as kitchens [49]. Table 3.…”

Section: Alveolar and Tracheobronchial Particle Dose In The Mssmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

et al. 2017

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Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung cancer events. Mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS) is a direct concern for smokers, but also the secondhand smoke (SHS) contributes to the smoker exposure. In addition, smoker exposure is affected by the "free-smoke" particle exposure (B), related to the micro-environments where smokers spend time. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the daily alveolar and tracheobronchial deposited fractions of airborne particles for smokers as the sum of these three contributions: MSS, SHS, and B. Measurements of particle surface area distributions in the MSS were performed through a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer, and a Thermo-dilution system on five types of conventional cigarettes. A Monte Carlo method was then applied to evaluate the most probable value of dose received during the inhalation of MSS by smokers. Measurements of particle concentrations in SHS and at the "free-smoke" particle background (B) were performed through 24-h monitoring at a personal scale of adult smoker through hand-held devices. This paper found that the total daily deposited dose for typical smokers was 1.03 × 10 5 mm 2 ·day −1 . The main contribution of such a huge daily dose was addressable to the MSS (98%) while SHS contributed 1.1%, increasing up to 2% for people smoking only while traveling in a car.

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Tracheobronchial and alveolar dose of submicrometer particles for different population age groups in Italy

Cited by 109 publications

References 36 publications

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Wearable Sensors for Personal Monitoring and Estimation of Inhaled Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Evaluation of Methods

Tracheobronchial and Alveolar Particle Surface Area Doses in Smokers

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