Trace metal transformation mechanisms during coal combustion

Linak, William P.; Wendt, Jost O.L.

doi:10.1016/0378-3820(94)90179-1

Cited by 215 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some studies 21,73 have shown the difference in the dependence on particle size of the trace volatile element concentration between the submicron and supermicron fractions. Other studies have shown an enrichment of the smaller particle sizes in the trace volatile elements.…”

Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 illustrates the major processes affecting the formation of submicron and supermicron ash during the combustion of coal, biomass, and oil. 69,73 The mass of particle emissions measured at the combustion chamber exit is determined by a number of complicating factors. The first is that, depending upon the type of combustor, only a fraction of the total ash content in the fuel is carried over with the combustion gases as fly ash.…”

Section: Residual Ash Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power plant coal combustion including pollutant formation, 168,169 ash formation and deposition, 115 submicron particle formation, 14,66,170 and metal transformation 73 have been reviewed. The inorganic particle stack emissions consist of a supermicron mode containing spheres of mineral ash and a submicron mode formed by mineral vaporization and condensation, as discussed above.…”

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…148,152 The concentration of the trace elements within the submicrometer and supramicrometer ash fraction increases with decreasing particle size. 73,88 • The surfaces of the ash particles are also enriched in volatile elements relative to their core. 88 • The major influence on the fraction of ash that is vaporized is the temperature.…”

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,010

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residual Ash Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coal-fired Steam Generation Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,010

600

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“…Metal oxide clusters formed during combustion react with many organic compounds. [5,6] The practical uses of metal clusters are well known and include catalysis, nanomaterials, and composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Calculation of the Structure and Electronic Properties of Cu n O n (n=1-4) Clusters

Bae

Hall

2009

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. We have performed ab initio Monte Carlo simulated annealing simulations and density functional theory calculations to study the structures and stabilities of copper oxide clusters, CunOn (n=1-4). We determined the lowest energy structures of neutral, positive and negatively charged copper oxide clusters using the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model chemistry. The geometries are found to undergo a structural change from two-to three-dimensions when n = 4 in the neutral clusters. We have investigated the size dependence of selected electronic properties of the binding energies, second differences of the energy, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and HOMO-LUMO gaps. We also have investigated fragmentation channels and charge distributions.

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The Partitioning of Arsenic, Selenium, Cadmium, and Cesium during Pulverized Coal Combustion in a 17 kW Downflow Combustor

Seames

Wendt

2001

Dev. Chem. Eng. Mineral Process.

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Trace metal transformation mechanisms during coal combustion

Cited by 215 publications

References 30 publications

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Density Functional Calculation of the Structure and Electronic Properties of Cu n O n (n=1-4) Clusters

The Partitioning of Arsenic, Selenium, Cadmium, and Cesium during Pulverized Coal Combustion in a 17 kW Downflow Combustor

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