Trace elements in two staple cereals (rice and wheat) and associated health risk implications in Bangladesh

Abstract

Concentrations of fourteen trace elements (Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sb, Ba, V and Ag) in the composite samples of most frequently consumed two staple foods, i.e. rice and wheat (collected from 30 different agroecological zones for the first time in Bangladesh) were measured by ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (mg/kg fresh weight) of Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Se, Cu, Mo, Mn, Sb, Ba, V and Ag were found as 0.088, 0.321, 0.713, 0.183, 0.213, 13.178, 0.0256, 1.985, 0.102, 4.654, 0.0033, 0.144, 0.081 and 0.007 and 0.011, 0.281, 0.221, 0.352, 0.145, 15.472, 0.245, 1.894, 0.209, 22.077, 0.0012, 3.712, 0.023 and 0.0013 in rice and wheat samples, respectively. Dietary risk of human health (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was assessed by USEPA deterministic approaches. Total target hazard quotient (THQ) values for As and Pb were higher than 1, suggesting that people would experience significant health risks from consuming rice and wheat. However, the THQ of other metals were all less than 1. Also, the estimation showed that the target carcinogenic risk (TR) of As and Pb exceeded the accepted risk level of 1 × 10(-6). Moreover, concerning the nutritional requirements of essential elements for a sound health, the recommended doses for the daily intake of Mn was conveniently supplied by the studied cereals; however, Cr, Zn, Se, Cu and Mo were below the recommend daily allowances (RDAs). Thus, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of As and Pb with lower supplementation of essential elements via staple foods for Bangladeshi people is a matter of concern.

Concentration, Source, and Total Health Risks of Cadmium in Multiple Media in Densely Populated Areas, China

“…Therefore, the consumption of wheat by residents in the study area was the main cause of non-cancer risk. The results of wheat ingested were similar with domestic Kunshan (HQ-a 0.13, HQ-c 0.14) [72], higher than the overseas Semnan Province, Iran (HQ-a 0.05, HQ-c 0.03) [73], and Bangladesh (HQ-a 0.005) [74], leading to the main differences being due to the mean concentration of Cdwheat in the study area (0.032 mg/kg), which was higher than Iran (0.018 mg/kg), and Bangladesh (0.011 mg/kg). However, the HQ value of Cd in the four media were all less than the safety limit of '1', indicating that Cd in the four media did not have a significant to non-carcinogenic risk to the human body.…”

Heavy metals toxicity of surface soils near industrial vicinity: A study on soil contamination in Bangladesh

“…Soil pollution by heavy metals is universal issues and anthropogenic activities predispose it (Han et al, 2002;Vare, 2006). In recent decades, soil pollution has occurred due to several heavy metals for further urbanization, industrialization and is more suitable for developing countries because of the indiscriminate development of these industries without proper planning (Ahmed et al, 2015). Heavy metals may originate in soils around the industrial area from numerous prime cause but industrial activities is the most important one and also generation of power, manufacturing, burning of fossil fuel and disposal of waste (Karim et al, 2014;Martín et al, 2014).…”

Evaluating the applicability of MESS (matrix exponential spatial specification) model to assess water quality using GIS technique in agricultural mountain catchment (Western Carpathian)

“…It penetrates into groundwater as a result of corrosion of metals, from plant residues and sewage, mainly industrial, such as metallurgical, electrotechnical, and chemical industries (Parmar and Keshari 2012 ; Bhat et al 2014 ; Wąsik and Chmielowski 2016 ). Checking the limits of their concentration is important to assess the degradation of surface water (Juahir et al 2010 ; Weber et al 2014 ; Ahmed et al 2015 ; Assouline et al 2015 ; Hu et al 2015 ; Bugajski et al 2016b ).…”