Trace Elements in Saliva as Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Martínez, Luis Marín; Pagán, Diana Molino; Jornet, Pía López

doi:10.1007/s12011-018-1326-x

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The involved metabolic processes include the following: de novo fatty acid biosynthesis; saturated fatty acid beta-oxidation; butanoate metabolism; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; tricarboxylic acid cycle; urea cycle; metabolism of proline, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine; valine, leucine and isoleucine (BCAA) degradation; aminosugar metabolism; purine metabolism; and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Overall, this information, along with that of other recent progress regarding the study of salivary simple analytes [4], trace elements [59], major adipocytokines [60,61], and specific microRNAs [62], reinforces the idea that saliva will soon represent a useful tool for deepening pathomechanismistic aspects, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric and adult individuals with obesity. The early and non-invasive detection of incipient MetS/fatty liver in childhood through salivary metabolomics as described here, therefore, appears as a promising helpful tool to prevent further health hepato-metabolic and cardiovascular complications in adulthood, and ultimately serves to minimize their related global socioeconomic burden.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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Pediatric obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasingly frequent conditions with a still-elusive diagnosis and low-efficacy treatment and monitoring options. In this study, we investigated the salivary metabolomic signature, which has been uncharacterized to date. In this pilot-nested case-control study over a transversal design, 41 subjects (23 obese patients and 18 normal weight (NW) healthy controls), characterized based on medical history, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data, were recruited. Liver involvement, defined according to ultrasonographic liver brightness, allowed for the allocation of the patients into four groups: obese with hepatic steatosis ([St+], n = 15) and without hepatic steatosis ([St–], n = 8), and with (n = 10) and without (n = 13) MetS. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was devised to classify the patients’ classes based on their salivary metabolomic signature. Pediatric obesity and its related liver disease and metabolic syndrome appear to have distinct salivary metabolomic signatures. The difference is notable in metabolites involved in energy, amino and organic acid metabolism, as well as in intestinal bacteria metabolism, possibly reflecting diet, fatty acid synthase pathways, and the strict interaction between microbiota and intestinal mucins. This information expands the current understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, potentially translating into better targeted monitoring and/or treatment strategies in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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“…The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 min. An aliquot of 500 µL was subsampled from the supernatant of each sample and, then, diluted at 5 mL using a 1% v/v sub-boiled nitric acid solution [ 29 , 30 ]. A Thermo Finnigan Element 2 sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) system, equipped with a glass concentric nebulizer and a Twinnabar (cyclonic) spray chamber, was used for the measurements of the following elements: Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, K, and Rb.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICP-Mass-Spectrometry Ionic Profile of Whole Saliva in Patients with Untreated and Treated Periodontitis

et al. 2020

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Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the association between macro and trace minerals in body fluids and systemic diseases related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Due to the paucity of data in the literature on periodontitis, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between mineral elements in saliva and periodontal status in patients with untreated and treated periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy controls. Salivary samples from 66 nonsmoker healthy patients (20 periodontally healthy, 24 untreated severe periodontitis and 22 treated severe periodontitis) were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant increases in copper (Cu), sodium (Na), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations occurred in saliva of severe periodontitis subjects compared to periodontally healthy controls. No differences were detected between healthy controls and treated periodontitis patients apart from levels of zinc (Zn) and lithium (Li) that were found to be increased and reduced, respectively, in periodontitis group. Most subjects were correctly separated by cluster analysis into active periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Treated periodontitis individuals were classified as healthy subjects. Based on these preliminary results, the assessment of salivary concentration of mineral elements might be useful in discriminating periodontal health and disease.

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“…At present, studies on salivary secretion in patients with T2DM have mainly focused on the comparison of salivary indicators between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, due to the limitation of clinical research. Several studies have shown that diabetic patients and healthy individuals had significant differences in the salivary parameters, including salivary glucose, sAA, s-IgA, sialic acid, total salivary protein and ion concentration (3)(4)(5)(6)(7), and diabetic patients exhibited pathological changes in the autonomic nervous system (8). Research on salivary secretion in diabetic animal model has been focused on pathological observation and associated mechanisms of salivary glands, due to the technological difficulty of salivary acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased basal and stimulated salivary parameters by histopathological lesions and secretory dysfunction of parotid and submandibular glands in rats with type�2 diabetes

et al. 2020

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Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) present with dry mouth, polydipsia and taste impairment due to salivary secretion disorder. However, the underlying functional mechanism of T2DM remains unknown. The present study found that T2DM rats had significantly lower salivary flow rate and salivary alpha amylase activity, and attenuated salivary secretion responses to acid stimulation compared with control rats. Histopathological observation found that T2DM rats had inflammatory cell infiltration with increased expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α, oxidative stress, including decreased total superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde content, and decreased expressions of β1 adrenergic receptor, cholinergic receptor, aquaporin-5 and protein kinase A in salivary glands, in particular the parotid gland. These results indicated that parotid gland impairment was more severe compared with submandibular gland impairment. Reduced salivary secretion may be associated with histopathological lesions and decreased regulation in secretory pathways in salivary glands.

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Trace Elements in Saliva as Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

ICP-Mass-Spectrometry Ionic Profile of Whole Saliva in Patients with Untreated and Treated Periodontitis

Decreased basal and stimulated salivary parameters by histopathological lesions and secretory dysfunction of parotid and submandibular glands in rats with type�2 diabetes

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