Trace elements in children's hair, as related exposure in wastewater spreading field of Marrakesh (Morocco)

Lekouch, Nadra; Sedki, A.; Bouhouch, Sabir; Nejmeddine, A.; Pineau, Alain; Pihan, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00403-9

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…But the higher Pb level observed in the students might be related to the variations in exposure to sources of traffic and industrial pollution, as reported elsewhere [16][17][18] . The high levels of Cd in the hair of non-mining workers including clerks, watchmen, security personnel and drivers of the lignite open mine, may indicate the possible exposure to Cd from the open mining and the nearby lignite thermal power plant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Elements in the Hair of Non-Mining Workers of a Lignite Open Mine in Neyveli

Sukumar

Subramanian

2003

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Elements in the Hair of Non-Mining Workers of a Lignite Open Mine in Neyveli

Sukumar

Subramanian

2003

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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“…As demonstrated by our meta-analysis, studies in this field suffer a lack of consistency that may be explained not only by differences in collection procedures and analytical methods but also by methodological flaws, including inadequate sample sizes, lack of information regarding study design and laboratory quality control and assurance, poor control of potential interfering variables, such as characteristics of diet, residence, parental smoking habits and socio-economic status. Most of the studies have applied unadjusted statistical analyses, thus disregarding the role of interfering factors as age, gender and place of residence that have a more remarkable weight in children as compared to adults (Khalique et al 2005;Dunicz-Sokolowska et al 2006;Lekouch et al 1999). Our metaanalysis demonstrated absence of significant differences for five of the six evaluated elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Lack of Correlation Between Metallic Elements Analyzed in Hair by ICP-MS and Autism

Palma

Catalani

Franco

et al. 2011

J Autism Dev Disord

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A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of metallic elements in the hair of 44 children with diagnosis of autism and 61 age-balanced controls. Unadjusted comparisons showed higher concentrations of molybdenum, lithium and selenium in autistic children. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the role of risk factor for male gender and showed a slight association with molybdenum concentrations. Unconventional chelation and vitamin-mineral supplementation were ineffective on elemental hair concentrations. A meta-analysis including the present and previous similar studies excluded any association of autism with hair concentrations of mercury, cadmium, selenium, lithium and copper. A slight association was found for lead only, but it was very weak, as strictly dependent on the worst data from one study.

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“…In a number of individuals, Pb levels exceeding 65 g/dl were recorded, and it was estimated that there could be 650 cases of subacute toxicological Pb poisoning in the surrounding townships. In Morocco, heavy metal contamination in humans was linked to consumption of contaminated vegetables and meat produced on a wastewater spreading field in Marrakech [51,29]. In that study, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in head hair from local residents were 16.5 and 2.9 mg/kg, respectively [29].…”

Section: Impact Of Heavy Metal Pollution On Humans In Africamentioning

confidence: 93%

Current Levels of Heavy Metal Pollution in Africa

2010

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ABSTRACT. Studies of environmental pollution in Africa indicate that toxic metal pollution has reached unprecedented levels over the past decade. Human exposure to toxic metals has become a major health risk on the continent and is the subject of increasing attention from national and international environmentalists. This paper reviews data from the past decade on environmental pollution in Africa and highlights countries where most heavy metal pollutions have been reported. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in North, West, East and Southern regions of Africa have been described, as have major sources of pollution in the different regions. This review summarizes the sites where most of the heavy metal pollution has been reported in Africa and, where applicable, presents reported levels of pollution in different environmental compartments in the context of internationally acceptable limits. Contaminations in fish and food animals as well as impacts of heavy metal pollution on humans are also described.KEY WORDS: Africa, environment, heavy metals, pollution.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(10): 1257-1263, 2010 For many years, Africa was considered safe from heavy metal pollution [6]. However, rapid population growth and high urbanization rates have resulted in a recent expansion of cities in the absence of proper planning and without adequate waste disposal facilities [25]. Consequently, solid waste management has become a major challenge in many African countries, as waste production exceeds capacities for collection and disposal by local authorities [49]. As observed by the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) [56], only one-third of the solid waste generated in urban areas across Africa is collected, and of that, only 2% is recovered and recycled. Furthermore, use of leaded gasoline [36], fugitive dusts [13], indiscriminate dumping and burning of toxic waste, including nickel/cadmium-based batteries, due to weak pollution legislation has worsened heavy metal pollution on the continent [22].Recently, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Global Environment Outlook (GEO) 4 [58] noted that Africa continues to be at risk from hazardous and electronic waste dumping due to inadequate monitoring capabilities and institutional mechanisms for managing such waste. There are limited resources for environmental management in most African countries, as most developmental programs are focused on economic growth and industrialization [52]. As a result, industrial expansion and increased extraction of natural resources have resulted in widespread heavy metal pollution [3,59].According to a comprehensive study on the environmental burden of disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) [62], environmental risk factors account for a quarter of the total burden of disease and 2.97 million human deaths every year in Africa. Since toxic metals constitute serious health hazards, the extent of toxic metal contamination of the African environment has been the subject of considerable interest. Although improvements i...

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Trace elements in children's hair, as related exposure in wastewater spreading field of Marrakesh (Morocco)

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Elements in the Hair of Non-Mining Workers of a Lignite Open Mine in Neyveli

Elements in the Hair of Non-Mining Workers of a Lignite Open Mine in Neyveli

Lack of Correlation Between Metallic Elements Analyzed in Hair by ICP-MS and Autism

Current Levels of Heavy Metal Pollution in Africa

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