Trace Elements and Lipid Peroxidation Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract

Plasma selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels and antioxidant metalloenzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were studied in 17 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) (group I), 14 uremic patients (group II) and 14 healthy subjects (group III). Plasma Se levels and erythrocyte GPX were significantly lower in the HD group (for Se: 0.69 ± 0.12 vs. 1.05 ± 0.13 μmol/l in controls; for erythrocyte GPX: 34.4 ± 6.4 vs. 49.2 ± 9 lU/g hemoglobin in controls) and a significant correlation was found between the two parameters (r = 0.66, p < 0.005). There was also a correlation between decreased plasma Zn and erythrocyte SOD activity (r = 0.58, p < 0.02) and between decreased plasma Cu and erythrocyte SOD (r = 0.60, p < 0.02). Plasma malondialdehyde levels were augmented in HD patients (5.08 ± 0.26 vs. 2.55 ± 0.15 μmol/l in controls and 2.79 ± 0.40 μmol/l in the uremic group). The catalase activity was increased in HD patients (202 ± 24 vs. 140 ± 40 IU/mg hemoglobin in group III). A defective antioxidant activity may thus contribute to increased peroxidative damage to cells in the course of dialysis.

Evaluation of Toxic Metals in Blood and Urine Samples of Chronic Renal Failure Patients, before and after Dialysis

“…A recent study had suggested that lipid peroxidation in patients may be due to essential trace element disturbances and that there is a relation between trace elements deficiency and antioxidant levels. [2] In CRF patients, disturbances in enzymatic mechanisms of free radical detoxification lead to an alteration in the antioxidant system, and an ROS (reactive oxygen species) attack on cell membranes also results in the formation of lipid peroxidation products. [33] In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that Pb-induced oxidative damage contributes to red blood cell damage.…”

“…Nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were analytical reagent-grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 2 , and Pd 99.999% Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). All glassware and plastic material used was previously treated for a 24h in 5M nitric acid and rinsed with double distilled water and then with ultra-pure water.…”

“…Elements such as Na + , K + , Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Cl -, and H + must be kept in a rather narrow physiological range; otherwise, life-threatening events may occur. [2,3] The kidney is characterized by its ability to compensate for renal damage, and for this reason, classical tests are insensitive, as they only deviate late, when a large part of the nephron mass is already lost. [4] Hence, tools for detecting heavy metal nephrotoxicity must be sensitive enough to detect early events and ideally should reflect subclinical reversible changes.…”

Selenium in Biology: Facts and Medical Perspectives

“…The reason is still not clear. Selenium-deficient nutrition is discussed as a predisposing factor for SIRS (Richard et al, 1991;Ringstad et al, 1993). But also a rapid redistribution of selenium in the body or an excretion through the kidney at the beginning of the disease has been supposed, but could not yet be analytically verified (Forceville et al, 1998).…”

Effects of r- HuEP O on the biophysical characteristics of erythrocyte membrane in patients with anemia of chronic renal failure

“…There may be several factors inducing the abnormal biophysical characteristics. Firstly, since the antioxidant systems, such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) , catalase, glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, GSH, and trace elements in the serum of patients with ACRF were abormal, the patients'RBC membranes had an increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation [16,17]. Miguel et al [18] have found that the amount of malondialdehydes (MDA), one of the final products of lipid peroxidation, in RBCs in a group of patients affected by ACRF is higher than that of normal.…”