Trace determination of priority pesticides in water by means of high-speed on-line solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using turbulent-flow chromatography columns for enrichment and a short monolithic column for fast liquid chromatographic separation

Current Trends in Sample Treatment Techniques for Environmental and Food Analysis

“…In this case, a simple, fast and sensitive LC/APPI-MS method, with automated on-line extraction using TFC was developed for the determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in river water. TFC columns packed with organic polymers or graphitized carbons were also found to be highly capable for enrichment of trace pesticides from drinking and surface water samples [115]. In summary, turbulent flow chromatography appears as a very useful approach for sample treatment because it possesses greater efficiency in removing proteins based on their size than restricted access media or SPE procedures and combines high-throughput and high reproducibility by means of separating analytes from various matrices with reduced sample handling.…”

Miniaturization of environmental chemical assays in flowing systems: The lab-on-a-valve approach vis-à-vis lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices

“…As to on-column extraction schemes for hydride-forming species, post-column analyte chemical derivatization for evolving of gaseous species is a must [ 81 ]. And the on-line hyphenation of reversed-phase SPE with HPLC for monitoring of trace level concentration of organic pollutants needs dilution of the alcoholic eluate with aqueous solutions to prevent the broadening of the injection band along the analytical column [ 82 ]. In this context, the multisyringe flow injection (MSFI) analysis approach [48,49], combining the advantages of multichannel operation for convenient processing of the eluate, pulseless flow, and the accurate metering of microvolumes of solutions via multicommutation protocols, has proven an appealing alternative to µSI for accommodation of LOV methods requiring the processing of the eluate prior to detection [29,33].…”

Analytical Methods for Polar Pollutants

“…But given their high sensitivity and high reproducibility, with almost complete elimination of the risk of contamination, such systems are highly attractive when large numbers of samples have to be routinely analyzed for a fixed set of pollutants. Thus, most published applications are related to the determination of pesticides [7,73,74]. Enrichment and chromatographic separation of the analytes may also be achievable on one short column [75].…”

“…(A) An on-line coupling with solid-phase extraction is comparatively easy to achieve and has been widely used for many classes of compounds, especially pesticides [73,74,130,131]. (B) LC allows aqueous samples to be directly injected into the chromatographic system.…”