Trace analysis of emerging and regulated mycotoxins in infant stool by LC-MS/MS

Krausová, Magdaléna; Ayeni, Kolawole I.; Wisgrill, Lukas; Ezekiel, Chibundu N.; Braun, Dominik; Warth, Benedikt

doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03803-9

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Stool biomarkers are important to human biomonitoring studies because they provide broader insight into human exposure to poorly absorbed mycotoxins such as fumonisins, and can help track biotransformation products, especially in high-risk mycotoxin regions such as Nigeria. Furthermore, stool sampling is noninvasive, and samples are easy to collect . Our laboratory previously published data on mycotoxins in stool from the same cohort at month 12 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonium acetate, formic acid, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, and formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). Details of all reference and internal standards (IS) are reported elsewhere. , All solutions and solid reference were stored at −20 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples. The method of Krausováet al 33 was applied to quantify mycotoxins in stool samples. Briefly, samples were thoroughly homogenized with a sterile spatula, and an approximately 40 mg aliquot was transferred into an Eppendorf tube (2 mL) followed by a drying step (24 h) in a vacuum concentrator (Labconco, Missouri, USA).…”

Section: Multimycotoxin Analysis Of Stoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After sample extraction, mycotoxins in breast milk, urine and stool were measured using a Sciex QTrap 6500 + LC−MS/MS system (Foster City, CA) equipped with a Turbo-V ESI source coupled to an Agilent 1290 series UHPLC system (Waldbronn, Germany) of the Exposome Austria research infrastructure using validated methods. 32,33,35 2.5. Culture-Independent Analysis of Stool Samples.…”

Section: Lc−ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

Ayeni,

Seki,

Pjevac

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mycotoxins are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health. Here, we assessed the influence of mycotoxin exposure on the longitudinal development of early life intestinal microbiota of Nigerian neonates and infants (NIs). Human biomonitoring assays based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were applied to quantify mycotoxins in breast milk (n = 68) consumed by the NIs, their stool (n = 82), and urine samples (n = 15), which were collected longitudinally from month 1−18 postdelivery. Microbial community composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of stool samples and was correlated to mycotoxin exposure patterns. Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), FB 2 , and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) were frequently quantified in stool samples between months 6 and 18. Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), AME, and citrinin were quantified in breast milk samples at low concentrations. AFM 1 , FB 1 , and ochratoxin A were quantified in urine samples at relatively high concentrations. Klebsiella and Escherichia/Shigella were dominant in very early life stool samples (month 1), whereas Bifidobacterium was dominant between months 3 and 6. The total mycotoxin levels in stool were significantly associated with NIs' gut microbiome composition (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was observed between specific microbiota and the detection of certain mycotoxins. Albeit a small cohort, this study demonstrates that mycotoxins may influence early life gut microbiome composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multimycotoxin Analysis Of Stoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lc−ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

Ayeni,

Seki,

Pjevac

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In the last decade, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ( Krausová et al, 2021 ), immunoassay ( Ackermann et al, 2011 ; Burkin and Kononenko, 2011 ; Kong et al, 2017 ; Man et al, 2017 ; Singh et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Cai et al, 2021 ; Liang et al, 2021 ) and other methods with molecularly imprinted polymer or aptamers as core reagents were used to detect Alternaria mycotoxins in food and biology samples ( Quílez-Alburquerque et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Given the advantages of simple operation, less time consumption, and low cost, immunological methods were considered to be the most suitable method for the on-site detection of Alternaria mycotoxins in food samples ( Ackermann et al, 2011 ), and an antibody was supposed to be the most important reagent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Antibody-Based and Computer-Aided Comprehensive Analysis of Antibody’s Equivalent Recognition Mechanism of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether

et al. 2022

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Alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) are two main Alternaria mycotoxins that endanger human health. In this study, a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) capable of equivalently and specifically recognizing AOH and AME was first expressed, and its equivalent recognition mechanism was discussed. According to molecular docking and dynamic simulation, the C9 site, which was always exposed outside the binding cavity, made the structural differences between AOH and AME negligible. Due to the high similarity of structures, AOH and AME interacted with almost the same amino acids on the scFv; thus, the same interaction mode and interaction force were produced. This was considered to be the most critical reason for the equivalent recognition. Thus, the exposure of common structures was considered a potential strategy to obtain the equivalent recognition antibodies, and C9 was considered the key site in the process of hapten modification. These results laid a theoretical foundation for further research on antibodies against Alternaria mycotoxins. It could promote the rapid detection of AOH and AME in food and provide a new idea for targeted preparation of antibodies that could recognize multiple hazards with similar structures.

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Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health

Louro,

Vettorazzi,

López de Cerain

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

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Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and growth conditions. This review compiles the available knowledge on hazard identification and characterization of Alternaria toxins. Alternariol (AOH), its monomethylether AME and the perylene quinones altertoxin I (ATX-I), ATX-II, ATX-III, alterperylenol (ALP), and stemphyltoxin III (STTX-III) showed in vitro genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Of all identified Alternaria toxins, the epoxide-bearing analogs ATX-II, ATX-III, and STTX-III show the highest cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential in vitro. Under hormone-sensitive conditions, AOH and AME act as moderate xenoestrogens, but in silico modeling predicts further Alternaria toxins as potential estrogenic factors. Recent studies indicate also an immunosuppressive role of AOH and ATX-II; however, no data are available for the majority of Alternaria toxins. Overall, hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins focused, so far, primarily on the commercially available dibenzo-α-pyrones AOH and AME and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Limited data sets are available for altersetin (ALS), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN). The occurrence and toxicological relevance of perylene quinone-based Alternaria toxins still remain to be fully elucidated. We identified data gaps on hazard identification and characterization crucial to improve risk assessment of Alternaria mycotoxins for consumers and occupationally exposed workers.

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Trace analysis of emerging and regulated mycotoxins in infant stool by LC-MS/MS

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

Biomonitoring of Dietary Mycotoxin Exposure and Associated Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Nigerian Infants

Recombinant Antibody-Based and Computer-Aided Comprehensive Analysis of Antibody’s Equivalent Recognition Mechanism of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether

Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health

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