Trabalho, atividades de lazer e apoio familiar: fatores para proteção da qualidade de vida de idosos residentes no município de Sacramento-MG

Abstract

Este estudo objetivou verificar a influência do trabalho, apoio familiar e das atividades de lazer na qualidade de vida (QV) de idosos. A amostra foi composta por 169 idosos residentes no município de Sacramento-MG com idade ≥ a 60 anos. Foram utilizados os instrumentos WHOQOL-Bref e WHOQOL-Old para avaliação da QV. Informações acerca do trabalho, apoio familiar e lazer foram coletadas por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes t de Student e Mann Whitney, considerando-se p<0,05. As atividades de lazer correlacionaram-se com domínios “físico”, “psicológico” e “global” do WHOQOL-Bref e, com “funcionamento dos sentidos”, “autonomia”, “participação social” e com escore global do WHOQOL-Old. Os aposentados que ainda trabalham tiveram escore do domínio “físico” e na faceta “morte e morrer” significativamente mais altos em relação aos idosos que não trabalham mais. O apoio social configurou como importante estratégia para o enfrentamento das adversidades cotidianas, sendo que o convívio familiar mostrou ser um fator com efeito significativo sobre os escores médios de QV em quase todos os domínios dos instrumentos. O bom convívio familiar, o trabalho remunerado e a participação em atividades de lazer podem ser considerados fatores de proteção para QV dos idosos entrevistados.

Capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas internadas no serviço de emergência

“…In this study, the higher the FIM scores, the higher the SF-36 scores, i.e., the more independent the elderly were, the better their QoL. These results corroborate with another that assessed QoL through the WHOQOL-OLD and the FIM of elderly people who attend Clube do Idoso (freely translated as Elderly Club, this club aims to offer more QoL to elderly people who do not have options for social interaction, leisure, entertainment or learning new activities) in Sorocaba, São Paulo state (26) . It is important to promote and maintain elderly people's autonomy, since functional independence has an impact on QoL (27) .…”

“…Retirees and pensioners scored higher in the FC and physical aspect domains. Retirement can be seen as a time for stress-free activities; moreover, it is a time to find ways to start over, make projects, keep operating as subjects of their destiny and agents in the family and society (26) .…”

Health-Disease-Care Process in Older Adults Living in Rural Areas: Perspective of Culturally Coherent Care

“…16 In agreement with the disease conception described as the presence of pain and negative feelings and fear of death in this research, a survey on self-perceived health among older adults living in rural areas shows that body pain influences the quality of life of the older adults, contributing to the intensification of functional impairment, and, therefore, to increase dependence on the performance of activities of daily living and negative feelings and, referring to the fear of death, concomitantly, causing dissatisfaction with their health conditions and life itself. 17 Thus, the fact that the older adult continues working after retirement also corresponds to a mechanism of coping with negative feelings and fear of death, 13 because, as already discussed, work allows for the preservation of their family and social representativeness.…”

“…12 After all, these activities suffer social and cultural influence that varies from region to region, according to the ways of life of the local population, as well as from age to age, according to the changes that occur over the years in the different dimensions of human life. 13 Interpersonal relationships stand out as an important support mechanism for an old age with health, as they contribute to old individuals feeling recognized for their experiences, safe and participative in the community to which they belong. 14 When social participation is non-existent, consequently, it becomes impaired, and a cycle of negative impact on the lives of those in the most advanced stage of life is formed.…”

Work and retirement: The perception of older women residing in a small community of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil

“…La participación de las personas mayores en actividades externas contribuye al período de vida posterior a la jubilación, aumentando la percepción de calidad de vida (Silva et al, 2017). Un estudio de Xavier et al (2017), con 30 personas mayores -7 hombres y 23 mujeresdemostró que el involucramiento en las actividades a lo largo de la vida contribuye positivamente a la transición del trabajo a la jubilación, pues, incluso perdiendo el rol de trabajador, hay un compromiso continuo en otras actividades, mantenerse activo, con sentido de utilidad, mantenimiento de la socialización y el bienestar.…”