Toxoplasmosis: stages of the protozoan life cycle and risk assessment in humans and animals for an enhanced awareness and an improved socio-economic status

Al-Malki, Esam S.

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.007

Cited by 64 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Cats are one of the definitive hosts for zoonotic protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii [22]. The following is an overview of the life cycle of one type of zoonotic protozoan from the Phylum Apicomplexa, namely Toxoplasma gondii (Figures 2 and 3).…”

Section: Figure 1 Results Of Observation Infestation Oocyst In Domest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoa Infections in Domestic Cats

Nugraha

Siagian

2022

JURNAL TERNAK

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This study aims to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis infection in domestic cats that live freely in the IPB Gunung Gede campus. This study used 15 samples of stray cat feces that live in the IPB Gunung Gede Campus. The collected fecal samples were then examined qualitatively by native and flotation methods. The results showed that 4 out of 15 feral cats were positively infected with protozoa with a prevalence of 26.6% on flotation examination, whereas on native examination, the results were negative. The positive result was indicated by the discovery of oocysts during flotation examination. The positive feral cat was found with watery diarrhea condition and his hair looks dull. Protozoal infections are more common in feral cats than in domestic cats. Protozoal infections can cause disturbances in the digestive tract in the form of diarrhea and are zoonotic.

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Section: Figure 1 Results Of Observation Infestation Oocyst In Domest...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoa Infections in Domestic Cats

Nugraha

Siagian

2022

JURNAL TERNAK

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“…Compared with our studies from Portugal, a Spanish study obtained a lower value of 26.1% by using a MAT cut-off value of 25 [ 17 ]. Several factors might explain the differences observed in the overall seroprevalence, but age of birds and the geographical region where they were found seem to be especially important [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seroprevalence values found in different regions may be associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the soil, humidity, temperature, and the presence of vegetation, since these factors can influence the persistence of oocysts in a given location [ 18 ]. For instance, in European countries, the prevalence of T. gondii infection is very low in cold climatic conditions and higher in warm climatic conditions [ 19 ]. In Portugal, there is also a considerable seroprevalence of T. gondii in humans [ 33 , 34 ], domestic animals [ 35 ], slaughtered pigs [ 35 ], and chickens [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Different Wild Bird Species Admitted to Rehabilitation Centres in Portugal

Lopes

Brandão²,

Lopes³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic parasite. According to the “One Health” approach, studies on toxoplasmosis are essential since it affects humans and domestic and wild animals. In the present study, antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 263 wild birds located in five wildlife rehabilitation centres in mainland Portugal by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cut-off titre of 20. An overall seroprevalence of 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.7–42.6) was observed. For the first time, antibodies to T. gondii were detected in some avian species, including pallid swift (Apus pallidus) (33.3%), black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) (39.3%), European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur) (100%), bee-eater (Merops apiaster) (50.0%), carrion crow (Corvus corone) (33.3%), and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) (100%), which expands the list of intermediate hosts of T. gondii. A lower seroprevalence was found in juvenile birds (31.9%) compared to adults (48.7%) (p = 0.016). The central region of Portugal was considered a risk factor for T. gondii infection in wild birds (odds ratio: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.09–11.91). This pioneer study calls attention to the need for further studies, to provide a clearer understanding of T. gondii epidemiology in Portugal, because it reflects wide dispersion of T. gondii oocysts in the environment.

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“…One of the determining factors in the epidemiology of pathologies is the socioeconomic level. 38 According to Hotez (2008), 39 seroprevalence in the upper, middle, and lower socioeconomic strata in Brazil was 23%, 62%, and 84%, respectively. By combining sanitation and socioeconomic status, the prevalence rate in the adult population can reach 90%.…”

Section: Journal Of Global Health Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparity as a risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis: a cross-sectional study

Santos

Machado

Silva

et al. 2021

Journal of Global Health Reports

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BackgroundCongenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is caused by placental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii to the fetus, which can generate neurological, neurocognitive deficits, or death. Appropriate preventive strategies are required for infection-related risk factors. This study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the factors associated with CT in pregnant women with assistance from the Public Health Service at Ouro Preto, Brazil. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2020. Pregnant women (n=131) aged between 13 and 46 years, were recruited and evaluated for specific IgM/IgG antibody levels against T. gondii. A structured questionnaire was applied to determine the socioeconomic, environmental, gestational, clinical, and dietary patterns. ResultsThe prevalence of T. gondii was 45.8% (n = 60) in which multiparas revealed to be more exposed to infection and were 2.6 times more likely to become infected with the parasite compared to primiparas, (odds ratio, OR=2.60; 95% confidence interval, CI=1.25-5.39). A high prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity was found to be related to the absence of basic sanitation at home. In conclusion, multiparas constitute risk factor for CT. ConclusionsEducational and preventive measures should be intensified in uninfected multiparas to raise awareness about the potential risks of contact with T. gondii.dos Santos PV, de Toledo DNM, Machado BAA, et al. Multiparity as a risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis: a cross-sectional study.

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Toxoplasmosis: stages of the protozoan life cycle and risk assessment in humans and animals for an enhanced awareness and an improved socio-economic status

Cited by 64 publications

References 82 publications

Prevalence of Protozoa Infections in Domestic Cats

Prevalence of Protozoa Infections in Domestic Cats

Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Different Wild Bird Species Admitted to Rehabilitation Centres in Portugal

Multiparity as a risk factor for congenital toxoplasmosis: a cross-sectional study

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