Toxoplasmosis

Ortega, Ynés R.

doi:10.1007/0-387-31197-1_5

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…6). For instance, several different types of bacteria range in size from 1 to 10 mm [27] with some common water-borne pathogenic bacteria Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis being $5 and $10 mm, respectively [28]. These bacteria are known to be common sources of infection from untreated or improperly treated water in both the underdeveloped and industrialized world [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particle capture in a sawtooth patterned insulating electrokinetic microfluidic device

et al. 2010

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Here we present a scheme to separate particles according to their characteristic physical properties, including size, charge, polarizability, deformability, surface charge mobility, dielectric features, and local capacitance. Separation is accomplished using a microdevice based on direct current insulator gradient dielectrophoresis that can isolate and concentrate multiple analytes simultaneously at different positions. The device is dependent upon dielectrophoretic and electrokinetic forces incorporating a global longitudinal direct current field as well as using shaped insulating features within the channel to induce local gradients. This design allows for the production of strong local field gradients along a global field causing particles to enter, initially transported through the channel by electrophoresis and electroosmosis (electrokinetics), and to be isolated via repulsive dielectrophoretic forces that are proportional to an exponent of the field gradient. Sulfate-capped polystyrene nano and microparticles (20, 200 nm, and 1 μm) were used as probes to demonstrate the influence of channel geometry and applied longitudinal field on separation behavior. These results are consistent with models using similar channel geometry and indicate that specific particulate species can be isolated within a distinct portion of the device, whereas concentrating particles by factors from 10(3) to 10(6).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particle capture in a sawtooth patterned insulating electrokinetic microfluidic device

et al. 2010

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“…Hymenolepis nana is a ubiquitous parasite, found throughout many developing countries; it's the only cestode capable of completing its cycle without an intermediate host (Schmidt and Roberts, 2010). Autoinfection occurs when gravid proglottids release eggs inside the gut, hatch in the small intestine, and liberate the oncospheres embryo which penetrates the lamina of the intestinal villi (Ortega, 2006). Chemotherapy is important for controlling hymenolepiasis, three compounds are currently in use, Niclosamide, Albendazole, and PZQ, and all these drugs are recommended by WHO's list of essential drugs (WHO, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effectiveness of Ferula asafetida against Hymenolepis nana

Al-Olayan,

Al-Kahtani,

Al-Arifi

et al. 2024

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Hymenolepis nana is a common intestinal tapeworm that affects humans. Drugs, including praziquantel (PZQ), are essential for managing this infection. Natural products are now considered as an alternative agent to control hymenolepiasis. Three doses of the herb Ferula asafetida (FAH) (100-150-200 mg/ml) were used to assess the appropriate dose and right time to eliminate H. nana. It was found that 150 mg/ml gives no movement in 5 min and is an appropriate dose affecting H. nana. This study showed that FAH completely controls mature worms. Treatment with FAH induced a significant reduction in worm burden and complete healing after 14 days relative to a single dose PZQ drug. Moreover, histological studies for the infected-treated mice with FAH demonstrated improvement in the intestinal tissue and less accumulation of inflammation relative to those treated with PZQ. In addition, the cestodal infection significantly upregulated the inflammatory cytokines. This increase in mRNA expression of TNF-��, iNOS, and IL-2 was 6.80, 5.65, and 8.95-fold, respectively, which significantly downregulated upon treatment. Collectively, F. asafetida is a promising medicinal plant with anti-cestodal and anti-inflammatory activities and could be used for the treatment of hymenolepiasis.

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“…For example, people with poor hygiene who have taeniasis --with or without symptoms --will shed tapeworm eggs in their feces and might accidentally contaminate their environment. This can lead to transmission of cysticercosis to themselves or others (13,27).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] It is most prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. [27] Taenia asiatica is retricted to East Asia, including Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and China. [28] [29] Classified biologically as protozoa and helminths (but better known as tapeworms, flatworms and roundworms), it is difficult to know how widespread parasites are globally because in many countries it is not compulsory to notify public health authorities of their presence.…”

Section: Mode Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections with T. saginata can be managed through an individual clinical approach due to its low pathogenicity (low ability to spread from host to host). In contrast, infections due to T. solium require proper public health interventions aimed at their prevention, control and possibly elimination (5,27). Eight interventions for the control of T. solium can be used in different combinations designed on the basis of the context in the countries:…”

Section: Prevention and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Parasitic Zoonosis in Ethiopia: Taeniasis

Terefe Kassa

2023

JNFP

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Parasitic foodborne infections of humans may involve both protozoan and helminth species of internal parasites. The route of infection is normally consumption of the parasite’s natural hosts as a human food item. Taeniasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by the adult stage of large tapeworms that live in the intestines of human hosts. Bovine cysticercosis is a food borne disease caused by Taenia saginata with humans as the final host and cattle as the intermediate host. Infection of human by Taenia saginata occurs through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Cysticercus Bovis while; infection of cattle with Cysticercus Bovis occurs through ingestion of Taenia saginata eggs. The parasite population of these species consists of three distinct sub populations: adult Tapeworms in the definitive host (man), larvae (Cysticercus or metacestodes) in the intermediate host (pigs or cattle), and eggs in the environment. The most common causative agent in Ethiopia is the beef tapeworm, Taenia saginata, which has the cow as its intermediate host. The other tapeworm that can cause taeniasis (Taenia solium) has pigs as its intermediate host, but they are not so common in Ethiopia. Taeniasis due to beef tapeworm is highly prevalent in Ethiopia due to the widespread habit of eating raw beef (kitfo in Amharic, Figure 38.5) and poor sanitary conditions. Defaecation in open fields in grazing lands, disposal of raw human sewage in rivers and its use as a fertiliser, facilitate the spread of taeniasis. The highest cases of taeniasis are found in the towns of Northern and Eastern Ethiopia.

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Toxoplasmosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 115 publications

Characterization of particle capture in a sawtooth patterned insulating electrokinetic microfluidic device

Characterization of particle capture in a sawtooth patterned insulating electrokinetic microfluidic device

Therapeutic effectiveness of Ferula asafetida against Hymenolepis nana

Review on the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Parasitic Zoonosis in Ethiopia: Taeniasis

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