Toxoplasmose em primatas neotropicais: estudo retrospectivo de sete casos

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is considered to be a fatal parasitic disease in New World primates. The objective of this report was to describe, through a retrospective study, the toxoplasmosis cases in New World primates. From 1999 to 2009 eighty-six anatomopathological exams was performed in primates and toxoplasmosis was the most common disease (7/86). One case occurred in Black-Tufted-Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) and six in Brown-Howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba). Two monkeys were found death and five died within few days. The most common clinical signs were apathy and anorexia (5/7), abdominal distension (4/7) and fever (3/7). The main gross lesions were splenomegaly (4/7), hemorrhage in digestory system, lymph nodes and urinary bladder (4/7), reddish lungs (3/7) and hepatomegaly (2/7). Histopathological findings were necrotizing hepatitis (7/7), splenitis (3/7), myocarditis (2/7), enteritis (2/7), lymphadenitis (1/7) and sialitis (1/7), and interstitial pneumonia (4/7). In the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, lymph nodes and salivary gland there were tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii that also detected by immunohistochemistry against T. gondii in liver, spleen and lungs (5/7). Toxoplasmosis can cause high mortality in New World primate colonies and can be a threat to preservation of those species in captivity. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken to avoid the contamination of those animals. período de 1999-2009 foram realizados 86 exames anatomopatológicos em primatas e a toxoplasmose foi a enfermidade mais comum (7/86), relatando-se um caso em sagui-do-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata) e seis em bugio--ruivo (Alouatta guariba). Dois animais foram encontrados mortos e cinco morreram em poucos dias. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram apatia e anorexia (5/7), distensão abdominal (4/7) e febre (3/7). Na necropsia observou--se esplenomegalia (4/7), hemorragia do trato digestório, linfonodos e bexiga (4/7), pulmões avermelhados (3/7) e hepatomegalia (2/7). No exame histopatológico evidenciou-se hepatite (7/7), esplenite (3/7), miocardite (2/7), enterite (2/7), linfadenite (1/7) e sialite (1/7) necróticas e, pneumonia intersticial (4/7). Em fígado, pulmões, baço, coração, linfonodos e glândula salivar havia taquizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii que foram também detectados pelo exame de imuno-histoquímica anti-T. gondii em fígado, baço e pul-

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive non‐human primates in the Amazon region, Brazil

“…A retrospective study in the southern Brazil pointed toxoplasmosis as the main infectious disease responsible for death in monkeys from different origins. 19 Some neotropical primates species such as squirrel monkeys (S. sciureus) are particularly susceptible to T. gondii, with parasite infection leading to severe illness and death. 5,7 Among the nine monkeys of this species tested in our survey, none presented antibodies to T. gondii, probably because infected animals will not survive the infection.…”

“…The present results corroborates with previous studies in French Guiana, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Brazil, from which widespread T. gondii infection among primates was reported, especially among primates in captivity. A retrospective study in the southern Brazil pointed toxoplasmosis as the main infectious disease responsible for death in monkeys from different origins …”

Estudio retrospectivo de hallazgos histopatológicos en animales silvestres de vida libre y en cautiverio en Villavicencio, Colombia

“…En el presente trabajo se tuvo la oportunidad de diagnosticar un caso de toxoplasmosis en un canguro rojo (Macropus rufus), el cual fue confirmado en el Laboratorio de Enfermedades Emergentes del Departamento de Ciencias Patobiológicas de la Universidad de Winsconsin-Madison (USA) (Ochoa et al, 2012). La infección por toxoplasma ocurre en una amplia gama de animales de sangre caliente, incluyendo a los humanos y es frecuentemente asintomática; sin embargo, puede ser fatal en algunos hospedadores y por ello algunas especies se consideran más susceptibles a la enfermedad como los monos (Casagrande et al, 2013), lémures (Spencer et al, 2004), gatos (Basso et al, 2005) y algunos marsupiales australianos (Basso et al, 2007;Dubey et al, 1988).…”

Achados Anatomopatológicos De Toxoplasma Sp. Em Lagothrix Lagotricha Da Região Amazônica

“…Tal fato foi observado nos espécimes deste relato, sendo identificados cistos em linfonodos, musculatura cardíaca, pulmões, baço e fígado, além de formas taquizoítas no fígado. Ademais, nos três espécimes de L. lagotricha foi observado linfadenopatia, hepatomegalia e esplenomegalia, o que segundo alguns autores, são alterações frequentemente observadas nos casos de infecção por T. gondii (10,12).…”