Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States

Dubey, J. P.; Jones, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.007

Cited by 864 publications

(774 citation statements)

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“…The infection by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii occurs in three distinct ways: ingestion of oocysts in contaminated food or water, ingestion of cysts with bradyzoites in undercooked or raw meat, or transplacental transmission of tachyzoites. In dogs, the chance to contract the disease is exacerbated by its carnivorous behavior and its close contact with the soil (2) . Human toxoplasmosis is associated with socioeconomic and cultural characteristics (3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with important public health implications. The aims of this study were to determine and identify factors associated to the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in humans and dogs from Jataizinho, Parana State, Brazil. Serum samples from 280 humans and 766 dogs, from rural and urban areas, were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Positive dilutions were ≥ 1:16. Epidemiological informations were obtained through an individual questionnaire and data tabulation was performed using EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was evaluated by chi-square (ᵪ 2 ) or Fisher's exact tests with a 5.0 % significance level. The seroprevalence in humans was 70.00% (196/280), as follows: 69.08% (143/207) in rural and 72.60% (53/73) in a slum urban community. The seroprevalence in dogs was 52.35% (401/766), as follows: 71.74% (99/138) in rural and 48.08% (302/628) in urban area. In rural areas, there was no factor associated to risk of infection. In urban slum community, visualizing more than four rats at home was a factor statistically associated to seropositivity for human toxoplamosis. Infection of urban dogs was associated to age, contact with stray dogs or rodents, and free access to street. The results indicated a similar possibility of contact with Toxoplasma gondii between dogs and humans living in rural or slum urban areas of small municipalities.Keywords: IFAT; prevalence; Toxoplasma gondii; zoonosis. ResumoA toxoplasmose é uma doença de distribuição mundial com importantes implicações em saúde 2 Cienc. anim. bras., Goiânia, v.18, 1-9, e-42102, 2017Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans and dogs… pública. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar e identificar fatores associados à soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em humanos e cães de Jataizinho, Paraná, Brasil. Amostras de soro de 280 humanos e 766 cães, de áreas rural e urbana, foram testadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Foram consideradas positivas diluições ≥1:16. Informações epidemiológicas foram obtidas por meio de questionário individual e a tabulação dos dados foi realizada com EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). A significância estatística foi avaliada por Chi-quadrado (ᵪ 2 ) ou Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5,0 %. A soroprevalência em humanos foi como segue: 70,00% (196/280), 69,08% (143/207) em área rural e 72,60% (53/73) em uma comunidade urbana carente. Em cães, foi 52,35% (401/766), na área rural 71,74% (99/138) e na área urbana 48,08% (302/628). Nas áreas rurais não houve fator estatisticamente associado ao risco de toxoplasmose. Na área urbana, visualizar mais do que quatro ratos em casa foi fator associado à soropositividade para toxoplasmose em humanos. A soropositividade em cães urbanos apresentou associação à idade, ao contato com cães errantes ou roedores e com acesso livre à rua. Os resultados indicaram semelhante possibilidade de contato com Toxoplasma gondii entre cães e humanos residentes em áreas rura...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed infection and is present all around the world (Dubey and Jones 2008;Lainson et al 2005). Infection rates are distributed differently in different geographical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in veterinary laboratory sciences students comparing to ordinary people: a case–control study

Sadaghian

Jafari

2014

J Parasit Dis

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Toxoplasma gondii causes the foremost widespread protozoan infection with a broad variety of host range, which consists of regarding of almost all warmblooded vertebrates. There are some opinions concerning the probable occupational influence on infections to Toxoplasma in veterinary services personnel. The present study aimed to examine influence of studying in veterinary laboratory sciences as a risk factor on the prevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in the students. In this case-control study, 80 blood samples were taken from veterinary laboratory sciences students (VLSS) as a case group and 80 blood samples from ordinary people of general population as a control group with the relatively same age, gender and health condition. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG levels in the serum samples were determined using quantitative ELISA method. According to the results, 27 (33.75 %) out of 80 samples of the cases group and also 29 (36.2 %) out of 80 samples of the control group were infected by the parasite. No statistically significant difference observed in the infection rate between the case and control groups (P = 0.740, OR 0.931; 95 % CI 0.61, 1.421). The mean serum antibody concentration in infected subjects of case and control groups showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.618, t = 0.502). Normality of the data was assumed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P = 0.806, Z = 0.641). Based on the results, in veterinary laboratory science students, toxoplasmosis is not related to their career and also the subjects of this group as the other people have the same risk to infect by this protozoan parasite.

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“…Dubey and Jones (2008) discuss the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in animals and humans in the United States of America. It has been 100 years since the discovery of this pathogenic protozoan associated with infections in both immune competent and immune compromised hosts.…”

Section: Drs Fayer and Xiaomentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic parasitic diseases: Emerging issues and problems

Weiss

2008

International Journal for Parasitology

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States

Cited by 864 publications

References 221 publications

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

Prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in veterinary laboratory sciences students comparing to ordinary people: a case–control study

Zoonotic parasitic diseases: Emerging issues and problems

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