Toxoplasma gondii: Cytokine responses in mice reinfected with atypical strains

Costa, Júlia Gatti Ladeia; Pinto, Lorena Velozo; Baraviera, Ramon Castro de Araujo; Geiger, Stefan Michael; Araújo, Márcio Sobreira Silva; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis; Vítor, Ricardo Wagner Almeida

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108006

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Rego et al [ 34 ] showed that the virulence profile of T. gondii strains obtained from pigs in Brazil was related to the presence of a specific allelic combination of ROP18 and ROP5 (allele 4 for ROP18 and allele 3 for ROP5 ). Furthermore, virulent T. gondii strains with the same allelic combinations for these proteins were able to induce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α, during early infection in mice [ 85 ]. However, the allelic profile of ROP5 and ROP18 can change among strains considered to be avirulent or to have intermediate virulence in mice [ 86 ].…”

Section: Toxoplasma Gondii Non-archetypal Strains: Virulence...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

Brito,

de Lima Bessa,

Bastilho

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite with a worldwide distribution. Toxoplasma gondii infections are of great concern for public health, and their impact is usually most severe in pregnant women and their foetuses, and in immunocompromised individuals. Displaying considerable genetic diversity, T. gondii strains differ widely according to geographical location, with archetypal strains predominantly found in the Northern Hemisphere and non-archetypal (atypical) strains, with highly diverse genotypes, found mainly in South America. In this review, we present an overview of the identification and distribution of non-archetypal strains of T. gondii. Special attention is paid to the strains that have been isolated in Brazil, their interaction with the host immunological response, and their impact on disease outcomes. The genetic differences among the strains are pivotal to the distinct immunological responses that they elicit. These differences arise from polymorphisms of key proteins released by the parasite, which represent important virulence factors. Infection with divergent non-archetypal strains can lead to unusual manifestations of the disease, even in immunocompetent individuals. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Toxoplasma Gondii Non-archetypal Strains: Virulence...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

Brito,

de Lima Bessa,

Bastilho

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Toxoplasma gondii infection and peripheral-blood gene expression profiling of older people reveals dysregulation of cytokines and identifies hub genes as potential therapeutic targets

Galvis

Cardona‐Londoño

Cardozo

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Inflammatory response and parasite regulation in acute toxoplasmosis: the role of P2X7 receptor in controlling virulent atypical genotype strain of Toxoplasma gondii

Prado-Rangel,

Moreira-Souza,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Toxoplasmosis is a globally significant disease that poses a severe threat to immunocompromised individuals, especially in Brazil, where a high prevalence of virulent and atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii is observed. In 1998, the EGS strain, exhibiting a unique infection phenotype, was isolated in Brazil, adding to the complexity of strain diversity. The P2X7 receptor is critical in inflammation and controlling intracellular microorganisms such as T. gondii. However, its genetic variability can result in receptor dysfunction, potentially worsening susceptibility. This study investigates the role of the P2X7 receptor during acute infection induced by the EGS atypical strain, offering insight into the mechanisms of T. gondii infection in this context. We infected the female C57BL/6 (WT) or P2X7 knockout (P2X7−/−) by gavage. The EGS infection causes intestinal inflammation. The P2X7−/− mice presented higher parasite load in the intestine, spleen, and liver. The absence of the P2X7 receptor disrupts inflammatory cell balance by reducing NLRP3, IL-1β, and Foxp3 expression while increasing IFN-γ expression and production in the intestine. In the liver, P2X7-/- animals demonstrate diminished inflammatory infiltrate within the portal and lobular regions concurrent with an enlargement of the spleen. In conclusion, the infection of mice with the EGS strain elicited immune alterations, leading to acute inflammation and cytokine dysregulation, while the P2X7 receptor conferred protection against parasitic proliferation across multiple organs.

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Toxoplasma gondii: Cytokine responses in mice reinfected with atypical strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in South America: occurrence, immunity, and fate of infection

Toxoplasma gondii infection and peripheral-blood gene expression profiling of older people reveals dysregulation of cytokines and identifies hub genes as potential therapeutic targets

Inflammatory response and parasite regulation in acute toxoplasmosis: the role of P2X7 receptor in controlling virulent atypical genotype strain of Toxoplasma gondii

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