Toxin production by Fusarium culmorum IMI 309344 and F. graminearum NRRL 5883 on grain substrates

O’Neill, Kathleen; Damoglou, A.P.; Patterson, Margaret F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05194.x

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The occurrence of different trichothecene-producing isolates of G. zeae reported here and in previous studies (2,7,18,22,34) may be due to the relatively wide range of environmental conditions under which the host crops are grown. In particular, temperature and precipitation (11,14) and substrate composition (31) were reported previously to be major factors influencing trichothecene production by G. zeae. We hypothesize that the uniqueness of the environment may play an important role in the trichothecene diversity in G. zeae populations in the region.…”

Section: Vol 74 2008 Mycotoxin Production By Gibberella Zeae 6517mentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative Mycotoxin Profiles of Gibberella zeae Populations from Barley, Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugar Beets

Burlakoti

Ali

Secor

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Gibberella zeae is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley and wheat in the United States. The fungus also infects noncereal crops, such as potatoes and sugar beets, and the genetic relationships among barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet isolates indicate high levels of similarity. However, little is known about the toxigenic potential of G. zeae isolates from potatoes and sugar beets. A total of 336 isolates of G. zeae from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets were collected and analyzed by TRI (trichothecene biosynthesis gene)-based PCR assays. To verify the TRI-based PCR detection of genetic markers by chemical analysis, 45 representative isolates were grown in rice cultures for 28 days and 15 trichothecenes and 2 zearalenone (ZEA) analogs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TRI-based PCR assays revealed that all isolates had the deoxynivalenol (DON) marker. The frequencies of isolates with the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) marker were higher than those of isolates with the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) marker among isolates from all four crops. Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant wheat cultivars had little or no influence on the diversity of isolates associated with the 3-ADON and 15-ADON markers. However, the frequency of isolates with the 3-ADON marker among isolates from the Langdon, ND, sampling site was higher than those among isolates from the Carrington and Minot, ND, sites. In chemical analyses, DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON, b-ZEA, and ZEA were detected. All isolates produced DON (1 to 782 g/g) and ZEA (1 to 623 g/g). These findings may be useful for monitoring mycotoxin contamination and for formulating FHB management strategies for these crops.

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Section: Vol 74 2008 Mycotoxin Production By Gibberella Zeae 6517mentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative Mycotoxin Profiles of Gibberella zeae Populations from Barley, Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugar Beets

Burlakoti

Ali

Secor

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Trichothecene biosynthesis may be regulated by environmental conditions such as temperature (20,56), water activity (12,20), substrate composition (13,44), etc. Nevertheless, it is also well established that, within the same species and under optimal conditions of growth, some strains produce large amounts of trichothecenes, whereas other strains produce small or undetectable amounts of trichothecenes (15,19,24,30,35,36,57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification by PCR of Fusarium culmorum Strains Producing Large and Small Amounts of Deoxynivalenol

Bakan

Giraud-Delville

Pinson

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thirty deoxynivalenol-producing F. culmorum strains, isolated from wheat grains, were incubated in vitro and analyzed for trichothecene production. Seventeen strains produced more than 1 ppm of deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol and were considered high-deoxynivalenol-producing strains, whereas 13 F. culmorum strains produced less than 0.07 ppm of trichothecenes and were considered low-deoxynivalenol-producing strains. For all strains, a 550-base portion of the trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) was amplified and sequenced. According to the tri5 data, the F. culmorum strains tested clustered into two groups that correlated with in vitro deoxynivalenol production. For three high-producing and three low-producing F. culmorum strains, the tri5-tri6 intergenic region was then sequenced, which confirmed the two separate clusters within the F. culmorum strains. According to the tri5-tri6 sequence data, specific PCR primers were designed to allow differentiation of high-producing from low-producing F. culmorum strains.Trichothecenes, including deoxynivalenol, acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and fusarenone X, are sesquiterpene toxins produced by Fusarium species, including Fusarium culmorum, which are common fungal contaminants of cereals. Trichothecenes can be found naturally worldwide on cereals (1,9,18,27,38,45,48,54,55,59), and the consumption of these toxins is a potential problem for humans and farm animals (14, 47).It has been established that some Fusarium species, including F. graminearum and F culmorum, are able to produce B trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol, while other species are not (31). These two types of Fusarium strains (producers and nonproducers) can be distinguished on the basis of DNA polymorphism in the ␤-tubulin gene (43) as well as in the large ribosomal subunit or the internal transcribed spacer (21,37,43).According to their trichothecene production, some Fusarium species, such as F graminearum, have been divided into two chemotypes: (i) the nivalenol chemotype, which includes isolates producing nivalenol and fusarenone X, and (ii) the deoxynivalenol chemotype, which includes isolates producing deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol (26,53). Similar observations have been made for F. culmorum strains (28, 39).In addition, it has been demonstrated that, within the same species and in the same culture conditions, toxin production by Fusarium strain may vary sharply; some strains produce large amounts of trichothecenes, whereas others produce small or undetectable amounts of trichothecenes (3,5,19,28,30,35,36,39,53,57). Until now, no method except in vitro culture has been available to distinguish high-producing from low-producing Fusarium strains.Several genes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes have been described, most of them localized in a gene cluster. The tri5 gene encodes the trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. The nucleotide sequence of the tri5 gene has been characterized in several Fusa...

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“…O'Neill et al (1993) reported that 14 days or more was required for DON to be detected after grain was inoculated with F. graminearum. All fungi normally found on grains produce ergo- sterol.…”

Section: Relationship Of Don and Ergosterol To Scabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the presence of ergosterol may either indicate the presence of other fungi, or that ergosterol was present before DON was produced. O'Neill et al (1993) reported that 14 days or more was required for DON to be detected after grain was inoculated with F. graminearum.…”

Section: Relationship Of Don and Ergosterol To Scabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Scab, Vomitoxin, and Ergosterol in Single Wheat Kernels Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy

1999

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Cereal Chem. 76(4):573-576Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to detect scab damage and estimate deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergosterol levels in single wheat kernels. Results showed that all scab-damaged kernels identified by official inspectors were correctly identified by NIRS. In addition, this system identified more kernels with DON than did a visual inspection. DON and Publication no. C-1999-0526-06R. This article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc., 1999.

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Toxin production by Fusarium culmorum IMI 309344 and F. graminearum NRRL 5883 on grain substrates

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Mycotoxin Profiles of Gibberella zeae Populations from Barley, Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugar Beets

Comparative Mycotoxin Profiles of Gibberella zeae Populations from Barley, Wheat, Potatoes, and Sugar Beets

Identification by PCR of Fusarium culmorum Strains Producing Large and Small Amounts of Deoxynivalenol

Predicting Scab, Vomitoxin, and Ergosterol in Single Wheat Kernels Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy

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