Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota

Feng, Jinhui; Cerniglia, Carl E.; Chen, Huizhong

doi:10.2741/400

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…In the past decade, these three dyes have caused controversy as to their toxic effects, and their use was forbidden in some countries such as the United States and Japan, where from the results of bioassays with mammals, they were shown to be mutagenic and even carcinogenic (FENG;CERNIGLIA;CHEN, 2012). However, in toxicological evaluations in other countries, such as in England and Brazil, they did not show significant cytotoxicity in tests with rodents and continue to be marketed freely (ORSOLIN; NEPOMUCENO, 2009;MORRISON;WRIGHT;JOHN, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells

et al. 2013

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the food dyes sunset yellow, bordeaux red, and tartrazine yellow on the cellular cycle of Allium cepa L. Each dye was evaluated at the doses of 0.4 and 4.0 mL, at the exposure times of 24 and 48 hours in root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Slides were prepared and cells were analyzed during the whole cell cycle for cellular aberrations totaling 5,000 total cells for each dose evaluated. The mitotic index was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test (p < 0.05). The results showed that the three dyes used under the evaluated doses and exposure times were cytotoxic to the cells of the system-test used. Further cytotoxicity studies should be conducted for additional results and a proper evaluation of the effect of these three dyes on a cellular level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells

et al. 2013

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“…Nevertheless, in spite of the control required by these regulatory agencies, the use of dyes in foods still raises a series of doubts as to their cytotoxicity, because in literature, there is a shortage of works evaluating the toxicity of these compounds (FENG et al, 2012), especially erythrosine, brilliant blue and red 40 dyes. According to Rutkunas et al (2010), the action of these compounds, on a cellular level, should be evaluated in various test organisms, as in mammals, plants, insects and in vitro cell cultures, in order to measure accurately the real toxicity of these food additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of erythrosine (E-127), brilliant blue (E-133) and red 40 (E-129) food dyes in a plant test system - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i4.18419

Oliveira

Alves

Lima

et al. 2013

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the food dyes erythrosine, brilliant blue and red 40 on the cell cycle of Allium cepa L. Each dye was evaluated at doses of 0.4 and 4.0 ml, at exposure times of 24 and 48 hours, in onion root tip cells. Cells and the presence of chromosomal aberrations were analyzed throughout the whole cell cycle, totaling 5,000 cells for each group of bulbs. The mitotic index was calculated and the statistical analysis was conducted through the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). From the obtained results, it was verified that the food additives erythrosine and brilliant blue were not cytotoxic to the cells of the test system. However, the red 40 dye, at the two evaluated doses and the two exposure times used in this bioassay have promoted a significant reduction in cell division and induced the emergence of anaphasic and telophasic bridge aberrations and micronucleated cells. Additional cytotoxicity studies should be conducted to add information to these and other previously obtained results in order to evaluate, with property, the action of these three dyes on a cellular level.Keywords: food additive, dye toxicity, Allium cepa.Citotoxicidade dos corantes alimentares erythrosine (E-127), azul brilhante (E-133) e red 40 (E-129) em sistema-teste vegetal RESUMO. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito citotóxico dos corantes alimentares eritrosina, azul brilhante e vermelho 40 sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa L. Cada corante foi avaliado nas doses de 0,4 e 4,0mL, nos tempos de exposição de 24 e 48h, em células meristemáticas de raízes de cebolas. Foram analisadas células em todo o ciclo celular e a presença de aberrações cromossômicas, totalizando 5.000 células para cada grupo de bulbos. Calculou-se o índice mitótico e a análise estatística foi feita por meio do teste Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que os aditivos alimentares eritrosina e azul brilhante não foram citotóxicos às células do sistema-teste em questão. Já o corante vermelho 40, nas duas doses avaliadas e nos dois tempos de exposição estipulados para este bioensaio, promoveu redução significativa da divisão celular e induziu o aparecimento de aberrações dos tipos ponte anafásica, ponte telofásica e célula micronucleada. Estudos adicionais de citotoxicidade devem ser conduzidos para se somar a estes para assim avaliar, com propriedade, a ação destes três corantes em nível celular.Palavras-chave: aditivo alimentar, toxicidade de corante, Allium cepa.

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“…The control of the use of food dyes is based on the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), which, in turn, is based on the research findings and the recommendations of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC) (GANESAN et al, 2011). In Brazil, permission to use and the establishment of maximum tolerable levels of food additives is responsibility of the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) in partnership with the Ministry of Health (MOH), which performs this activity through the Standing Committee on Food Additives (CPAA) (BRASIL, 2005;FENG et al, 2012). According to Freitas (2012), the ADI established for the Ponceau 4R dye is 0.10 mg kg -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Ponceau 4R (E-124) food dye on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L.

Marques

Sousa

Perón

2015

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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ABSTRACT.This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Ponceau 4R food dye on the cell cycle in root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. at three concentrations: 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g L -1, at exposure times of 24 and 48 hours. For each concentration, we used a set of five onion bulbs that were first rooted in distilled water and then transferred to their respective concentrations. Radicles were collected and fixed in acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours. The slides were mounted with the crushing technique and stained with 2% acetic orcein. Cells were analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5,000 cells for each control and exposure time. The calculated mitotic indices were subjected to the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). From the results, we observed that the concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50 g L -1at the 48-hour exposure, and the concentration of 0.75 g L -1, the two exposure times time significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the cell division rate. Importantly, all the three concentrations at the two exposure times tested caused cellular aberrations in significant numbers in this testing system. Therefore, under the conditions studied, the Ponceau 4R was cytotoxic.Keywords: azo dye, cell division, cellular aberrations, cytotoxicity.Ação do corante alimentar Ponceau 4R (E-124) sobre as células meristemáticas de raízes de Allium cepa L. , nos tempos de exposição de 24 e 48 horas. Para cada concentração utilizou-se um grupo de cinco bulbos de cebolas, que primeiramente foram enraizados em água destilada, e em seguida transferidos para as suas respectivas concentrações. As radículas foram coletadas e fixadas em ácido acético (3:1) por 24 horas. As lâminas foram preparadas pela técnica de esmagamento e coradas com orceína acética a 2%. Analisaram-se células em todo ciclo celular, totalizando 5.000 para cada controle e tempo de exposição. Os índices mitóticos calculados e as aberrações celulares observadas foram submetidos à análise estatística do Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). A partir dos resultados observou-se que as concentrações 0,25 e 0,50 g L -1 , no tempo de exposição de 48h, e a concentração 0,75 g L -1, nos dois tempos de exposição avaliados reduziram de forma significativa (p < 0,05) o índice de divisão celular do sistema teste em questão. Observou-se também que todas as três concentrações, nos dois tempos de exposição analisados, ocasionaram aberrações celulares em número significativo a este sistema teste. Portanto, nas condições analisadas, o Ponceau 4R foi citotóxico.

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Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota

Cited by 67 publications

References 134 publications

Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells

Citotoxicity of food dyes sunset yellow (E-110), bordeaux red (E-123), and tatrazine yellow (E-102) on Allium cepa L. root meristematic cells

<b>Cytotoxicity of erythrosine (E-127), brilliant blue (E-133) and red 40 (E-129) food dyes in a plant test system</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i4.18419

<b>Action of Ponceau 4R (E-124) food dye on root meristematic cells of <i>Allium cepa</i> L.

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