Toxicological profile of hydrofluoropolyethers

Water evaporation rates across hydrophobic acid monolayers at equilibrium spreading pressure

“…Toxicokinetics of perfluoroalkanoic acids has also been investigated, where they seem to have a high potential for bioaccumulation [10,13]. In addition, such hazardous properties as skin and eye irritation, skin sensitization, and genotoxity were not identified as for hydrofluoropolyethers [14]. In practice, perfluoropolyethers are nowadays applied to cosmetics.…”

Determination of perfluorinated sulfonate and perfluorinated acids in tissues of free-living European beaver (castor fiber L.) by d-SPE/ micro-UHPLC-MS/MS

“…Among the reported effects of PFCs are reproductive toxicity (Luebker et al, 2005), neurotoxicity (Johansson et al 2008), hepatotoxicity (Malinverno et al, 2005), immunotoxicity (Grandjean et al, 2012), and effects on metabolism (Berthiaume and Wallace, 2002). PFCs bind to serum albumin and other cytosolic proteins in contrast to POPs.…”

Catalysis Involving Fluorous Phases: Fundamentals and Directions for Greener Methodologies

“…None of these solvents are classified as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Furthermore, extensive studies have not revealed any toxicity problems and their shorter, alkoxylated perfluoroalkyl segments are expected to be significantly more biodegradable [26].…”

“…[58,59] No attempt has been made to be comprehensive. These have seen use in alkene metathesis (26), Heck reactions (27), condensations of b-diketones and ethyl cyanoformate (28), ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenations (29), phase transfer catalysis (30) and Diels-Alder reactions (31).…”