Toxicological investigations on the methanol sub-fraction of the seeds of Carica papaya as a male contraceptive in albino rats

Lohiya, N. K.; Manivannan, B.; Garg, Shipra

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.01.002

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, despite species variation (that is, sperm motility inhibition in rats, and azoospermia in rabbits and langur monkeys [15][16][17]), it has been observed that the chloroform extract, the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract and its methanol and ethyl acetate subfractions exerted 100% reversible contraceptive efficacy without side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main aim of this investigation was to ascertain the safety and mechanism of action of long-term treatment with MSF-specifically, whether the effect of MSF is a simple cytotoxic effect on the germ cells or is mediated by other factors, such as Sertoli cells, on the basis of the evidence obtained from earlier investigations after short-term treatment with C. papaya seed products [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Such experiments would establish C. papaya seeds as a potent male contraceptive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…papaya have been well recognized to possess compounds that putatively control fertility. A preclinical, short-term evaluation through a series of experiments using various extraction procedures of the seeds of C. papaya revealed spermatogenic arrest, leading to azoospermia or total inhibition of sperm motility in rats, rabbits and langur monkeys [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The methanol subfraction (MSF) of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of C. papaya seeds has been identified as a putative candidate for male contraception [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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The contraceptive efficacy of Carica papaya seeds after short-term evaluation has been well established. We have examined the safety and mechanism of contraception in rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction (MSF) of C. papaya seeds. The test substance was administered orally to the male albino rats (n = 40) at 50 mg per kg body weight each day for 360 days. Control animals (n = 40) received olive oil as a vehicle. Recovery was assessed up to 120 days after treatment withdrawal. Sperm parameters, serum testosterone levels, fertility, histology and ultrastructure of the testis, haematology and serum clinical chemistry were evaluated to establish the safety and efficacy of the test substance. Safety of long-term treatment was evidenced by unaltered health status, organ weight, haematology and clinical chemistry, and by an increase in body weight. The mechanism of contraception was shown by reduction in nuclear and cytoplasmic volume, normal nuclear characteristics and vacuolization in the cytoplasmic organelles of the Sertoli cells, as well as nuclear degeneration in spermatocytes and spermatids indicating disturbed spermatogenesis. Leydig cells were normal. Initial effects were observed in Sertoli cells at 60 days of treatment. Spermatocytes and spermatids were affected after 120-240 days of treatment. A significant decline in sperm count and viability, total inhibition of sperm motility, increased numbers of sperm abnormalities, normal serum testosterone levels and 100% sterility were evident after 60 days of treatment. All the altered parameters, including percent fertility, were restored to control level 120 days after treatment withdrawal. It is concluded that the MSF is safe for long-term treatment and the mechanism of contraception is shown by its effect on spermatid differentiation in the testis, possibly mediated by the Sertoli cell factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

Self Cite

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“…Many plants used in traditional and folk medicines are potentially toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic [6][7][8][9][10][11] . Toxicological studies of extracts from different parts of C. papaya plants such as seeds, fruit, roots and leaves have been carried out using several animal models.…”

Section: P E E R R E V I E W Abstract Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Carica papaya leaf-extract increase the platelet count? An experimental study in a murine model

Dharmarathna

Wickramasinghe

Waduge

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…With the increase of methanol use, extensive good comprehension of its toxic mechanism is very necessary and significant [2], since methanol may be inhaled in the toxic vapor evaporating from the product surface. Every day, a large number of methanol poisoning incidents related to the consumption of methanol-contaminated drink occur in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Proteins of the Optic Ganglion in Octopus vulgaris Under Methanol Stress Revealed Using Proteomics

Huang

Chen

et al. 2011

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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An analytical approach using the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) technique separated the proteome from the optic ganglia of Octopus vulgaris (OVOG). Approximately 600 protein spots were detected from the extraction when applying 150 μg protein to a 2D-PAGE gel in the pH range 5.0-8.0. Compared to the control, significant changes of 18 protein spots were observed in OVOG under the stress of native seawater containing 2% methanol for 72 h. Among these spots, we found that eight were down-regulated and ten were up-regulated in the gels, which were further identified using both peptide mass fingerprinting and database searches. Significant proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were up-regulated proteins, whereas putative ABC transporter was a down -regulated protein. These differential proteins at the level of subcellular localization were further classified using LOCtree software with a hierarchical system of support vector machines. We found that most of the differential proteins in the gel could be identified as mitochondrial proteins, suggesting that these protective or marker proteins might help to prevent methanol poisoning via the mitochondria in the optical ganglia. The results indicated that both beta-tubulin and beta-actin were potential biomarkers as up-regulated proteins for monitoring methanol toxicosis associated with fish foods such as octopus and shark.

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Toxicological investigations on the methanol sub-fraction of the seeds of Carica papaya as a male contraceptive in albino rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Does Carica papaya leaf-extract increase the platelet count? An experimental study in a murine model

Differential Proteins of the Optic Ganglion in Octopus vulgaris Under Methanol Stress Revealed Using Proteomics

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