Toxicological Evaluation of Carob (Ceratonia silique) Bean Extracts in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

Gülay, Mehmet Şükrü; Yildiz-Gul, O.; Ata, Ayhan; Balic, A.; Demirtaş, Ayten

doi:10.3923/javaa.2012.1853.1857

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, the carob pre-and post-treatment to rats were exposed to water pipe smoke returned the activities of ALT, AST and ALP as well as the levels of serum total protein and albumin to control values. Our results are in agreement with [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Ameliorative Effect of Carob Aqueous Extract on Water Pipe Smoke Induced-Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Rahman

Salem

Bauomy

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the daily effect of pre and post treatment of carob aqueous extract (600 mg/kg b. wt.); on rats exposed to were exposed to water pipe smoke (10 mg/kg; 15 minutes) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 w.Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups; 1 st group was served as a control. Rats of the 2 nd group were administered amiodarone (an antiarrhythmic medication used as a model for lung toxicity) at a dose level of 30 mg/kg. The rats of 3 rd and 4 th groups were exposed to water pipe smoke and treated with carob extract respectively. However, the two remaining groups (5 th and 6 th ) were the pre-and post-treatment groups with carob extract respectively.Results: Amiodarone and water pipe smoke induced a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); on the contrary, induced a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. In addition; serum creatinine and urea showed a significant increase; as well as; amiodarone and water pipe smoke increased the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde/glutathione; MDA/GSH) in lung tissue homogenate. While; carob extract gavage showed protective and curative effects in liver and kidney functions; in addition; it decreased MDA level and increased GSH level significantly. Conclusion:Finally, we can conclude that the carob aqueous extract treatment revealed ameliorative effects on rats were exposed to water pipe smoke.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Gulay et al [31] demonstrated that traditional use of carob extract is non-toxic and have no significant adverse effects in rabbits, so serum ALT, AST and ALP activities were within the normal ranges [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative Effect of Carob Aqueous Extract on Water Pipe Smoke Induced-Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Rahman

Salem

Bauomy

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…Carob is used in cough syrup due to its expectorant effect. However, traditional use of carob cures did not cause any toxicological effects in lung, brain and other organs in male rabbit [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Abdel-Rahman

Bauomy

Salem

et al. 2018

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Waterpipe smoking is one of the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide which induces many health problems. In the present study; we evaluated the toxic effects of waterpipe smoke by using amiodarone as a model for lung toxicity in adult male albino rats. Also, the protective and therapeutic effects of carob aqueous extract on these toxicity which produced by daily exposure to waterpipe smoke for 8 weeks. The amiodarone gavage significantly increased serotonin content in brainstem and cerebral cortex after 8 and 2 weeks respectively and dopamine content at most of time intervals. Moreover, waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant decrease in dopamine content after 2 weeks in brainstem and in serotonin content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex. While, increment in dopamine content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex may be due to increase its synthesis which strengthens the coughing reflex. Amiodarone gavage and waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity, hydroxyproline content and nitric oxide level in lung; while, catalase activity was decreased significantly. Consequently, waterpipe smoke exposure for long time caused serious harmful effects on brain and lung nearly like amiodarone. Carob extract pre-and post-treatment has the ability to protect and ameliorate these effects due to its antioxidant and anti-coughing effects. So, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of the effective components in the extract.

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“…Consequently, this study relied on the histological findings in livers and kidneys sections of male and female rats to detect any direct toxicity evidence due to the exposure to carob. Actaully, the hsitological sections of liver of male and female rats showed Manuscript to be reviewed Carob as a plant bears a great significance in the traditional medicine because of its various pharmacological activities (Gulay et al 2012;Rtibi et al 2017a). Interesetingly, carob is a native plant to Yemen and it is used as a traditional medicine to improve glycemic control in diabetics long time ago (Battle & Tous 1997;Papakonstantinou et al 2017).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L) is an evergreen plant (Roseiro et al 2013), which was reported as a native plant to Yemen (Battle & Tous 1997). Traditionally, Ceratonia Siliqua (carob) is used as an antitussive, antidiarrheal and a diuretic (Baytop 1984;Gulay et al 2012;Merzouki et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model (v0.2)"

2018

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Background. Ceratonia siliqua pods (carob) has been nominated to control high blood glucose of diabetics. In Yemen, however, its antihyperglycemic activity has not been yet assessed. Thus, this study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract of carob pods against α-amylase and αglucosidase and the in vivo glycemic effect of such extract in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods. DPPH and FRAP were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity of carob. In vitro cytotoxicity of carob was conducted on human hepatocytes (WRL68) and rat pancreatic β-cells (RIN-5F). Acute oral toxicity of was conducted on a total of 18 male and 18 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were subdivided into three groups (n=6), namely; high and low dose carob-treated (CS5000 and CS2000, respectively) as well as normal control (NC) receiving a single oral dose of 5000 mg kg-1 carob, 2000 mg kg-1 carob and 5 ml kg-1 distilled water for 14 days, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were assessed. Livers and kidneys were harvested for histopathology. In vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and αglucosidase was evaluated. In vivo glycemic activity was conducted in 24 male SD rats which were previously intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ) followed by 210 mg kg-1 nicotinamide to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. An extra non-injected group (n=6) was added as a normal control (NC). The injected-rats were divided into four groups (n=6), namely; diabetic control (D0), 5 mg kg-1 glibenclamide-treated diabetic (GD), 500 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS500) and 1000 mg kg-1 carob-treated diabetic (CS1000). All groups received a single oral daily dose of their treatment for four weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, biochemistry, insulin and hemostatic model assessment were assessed. Pancreas was harvested for histopathology. Results. Carob demonstrated a FRAP value of 3191.67 ± 54.34 µmoL Fe ++ and IC 50 of DPPH of 11.23 ±0.47 µg mL-1. In vitro, carob was non-toxic on hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. In acute oral toxicity, liver and kidney functions and their histological sections showed no abnormalities. Carob exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC 50 of 92.99±0.22 and 97.13±4.11 µg mL-1 , respectively. In diabetic induced rats, FBG of CS1000 was significantly less than diabetic control. Histological pancreatic sections of CS1000 showed less destruction of β-cells than CS500 and diabetic control.

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Toxicological Evaluation of Carob (Ceratonia silique) Bean Extracts in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Ameliorative Effect of Carob Aqueous Extract on Water Pipe Smoke Induced-Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Ameliorative Effect of Carob Aqueous Extract on Water Pipe Smoke Induced-Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Peer Review #2 of "Evaluation of the glycemic effect of Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) on a streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model (v0.2)"

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