Carob extract attenuates brain and lung injury in rats exposed to waterpipe smoke

Abstract

Waterpipe smoking is one of the most popular methods of tobacco consumption worldwide which induces many health problems. In the present study; we evaluated the toxic effects of waterpipe smoke by using amiodarone as a model for lung toxicity in adult male albino rats. Also, the protective and therapeutic effects of carob aqueous extract on these toxicity which produced by daily exposure to waterpipe smoke for 8 weeks. The amiodarone gavage significantly increased serotonin content in brainstem and cerebral cortex after 8 and 2 weeks respectively and dopamine content at most of time intervals. Moreover, waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant decrease in dopamine content after 2 weeks in brainstem and in serotonin content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex. While, increment in dopamine content after 4, 6 weeks in brainstem and 6, 8 weeks in cerebral cortex may be due to increase its synthesis which strengthens the coughing reflex. Amiodarone gavage and waterpipe smoke exposure induced a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity, hydroxyproline content and nitric oxide level in lung; while, catalase activity was decreased significantly. Consequently, waterpipe smoke exposure for long time caused serious harmful effects on brain and lung nearly like amiodarone. Carob extract pre-and post-treatment has the ability to protect and ameliorate these effects due to its antioxidant and anti-coughing effects. So, further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of the effective components in the extract.

The Effect ofCeratonia siliquaSupplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats

“…Nonetheless, the methanolic extract of carob pods has been found to prevent the short-term memory impairment in rats caused by chronic stress, probably due to inhibiting the decrease in the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus (113). Moreover, pre-and post-treatment with aqueous carob extract ameliorated the effects of amiodarone (in a lung toxicity model in rats), and waterpipe smoke exposure (passive smoking) on the brain and lung (32), probably because of its antioxidant impact.…”

“…Ceratonia siliqua (carob) is a shrub with great amounts of antioxidant compounds, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, which have robust radical-scavenging activity (27)(28)(29)(30)(31). This is also implied by the protective effects of its extract and pods against oxidative stress in several organs (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Thus, products from C. siliqua may be able to combat the damaging effects of free radicals, oxidative stress, and the reduced inflammation-induced response of antioxidants.…”

Carob Antioxidants in Human Health: From Traditional Uses to Modern Pharmacology

“…Pods aqueous extract attenuated brain injury caused by waterpipe smoke in rats [125]. Azab A (2022) J Biomed Res Environ Sci, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1538…”