Toxicity profiles of subretinal indocyanine green, Brilliant Blue G, and triamcinolone acetonide: a comparative study

Abstract

Subretinal ICG induces histological and functional damage to the retina, suggesting that ICG should be used with caution in macular hole surgery, where subretinal migration can occur. In contrast, BBG and TA appear safe after subretinal injection.

Long-term outcomes of 3 surgical adjuvants used for internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic macular hole surgery

“…In pig eyes, histopathologic and electrophysiologic evaluations 6 weeks after subretinal injection of ICG, BBG, or TA indicated that ICG evidently injures the retina both histologically and functionally, while BBG and TA do not [20], which is consistent with the results of this study. In that previous study, for patients with an MH or a macular pucker, ILM sections peeled off after staining with trypan blue, BBG, bromophenol blue, Chicago blue, or ICG were morphologically compared under a transmission electron microscope.…”

Correlation Between En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Defects of the Inner Retinal Layers and Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Analysis After Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole

“…Nevertheless, many studies supported the safety of this dye. 49,50 Because the GC-IPL defects were well circumscribed and not diffuse, the hypothesis for the toxic effect of the dye on the GC-IPL could be eliminated, leaving only the mechanical manipulation as a possible explanation.…”

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

“…Subretinal ICG induces histological and functional damage to the retina, suggesting that ICG should be used with caution in macular hole surgery, where subretinal migration can occur. In contrast, BBG and triamcinolone acetonide appear safe after subretinal injection [22]. …”