Toxicity of the Combustion Gases from Plastics: Relevance and Limitations of Results Obtained in Animal Experiments

Pauluhn, Jürgen; Kimmerle, Georg; Martins, Tatiane Aparecida; Prager, F. H.; Pump, Wichard

doi:10.1177/073490419401200104

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…With this apparatus, as in free air combustion, the chemical specimens generated during thermal degradation remain in the reaction medium for a time-period long enough (a few seconds) to enable secondary reactions. Also, among the eight standard furnaces described in the ISO TR 9122-4 Technical Report [20], the DIN 53436 is the only one that can generate an effluent of constant composition for a long period of time and that has also been used extensively in combustion toxicology in the past [21][22][23]. This advantage becomes important when evaluating the effectiveness of sampling techniques to determine isocyanates in fire effluents.…”

Section: Din 53436 Laboratory Scale Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the isocyanates generated during the thermal degradation of a polyurethane car paint

Boutin

Lesage

Ostiguy

et al. 2004

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Din 53436 Laboratory Scale Furnacementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the isocyanates generated during the thermal degradation of a polyurethane car paint

Boutin

Lesage

Ostiguy

et al. 2004

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…Studies on the generation and transportation of smoke and toxicants in building fires have been explored in the past decades [5][6][7][8][9]. The dynamics of smoke movement and smoke management is researched worldwide, and zone models and field models are developed to demonstrate the smoke evolution in fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research on the Spatial Distribution of Toxic Gases in the Transport of Fire Smoke

Yang

Feng

Junqi

2008

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Current assessment models and experimental tests on gas toxicities in a fire hazard are mainly based on the hypothesis that uniform smoke and gas layers exist in the compartment. This study, through experiments conducted in a reduced-scale compartment—corridor model, examines the assumption and explores the characteristics of spatial distribution of toxic gases in smoke transport from a fire hazard. The results suggest that the toxic gases in the upper layer in the corridor are characterized by uniform expansion, while those in the lower layer are not. It has also been found that evolutions of the gases in different layers are not synchronous, while they are identical at the same height where the densities are close. Further analyses indicate that the formation of CO from the deoxidization of O2, CO 2, and the unburned hydrocarbon in the smoke movement delays the time of the maximum concentration.

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“…Most studies of the concentration of smoke have entailed subjecting animals to a smoke environment in a test apparatus [3][4][5][6][7]. The rest mainly study the pyrolysis and combustion of the polymer by analyzing the special elements or harmful smoke species [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Smoke Concentration Some Distance Down the Hallway and the Opening of the Room of Fire Origin

Fang¹,

Yang²,

Rui³

et al. 2003

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The smoke concentration at a distant location down a hallway as a function of different openings of the room of fire origin is considered. A series of tests is reported and the smoke sustaining (residence) time, the concentration peak and the concentration buildup rate are investigated as functions of the size of the opening. The smoke sustaining (residence) time, the most important factor concerning smoke toxicity, is described by a novel concept, wavelength, in this study. Furthermore, it is worth emphasizing that the smoke concentration at the sampling point exhibits a phenomenon of vibration in the case of the smallest opening during the test.

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Toxicity of the Combustion Gases from Plastics: Relevance and Limitations of Results Obtained in Animal Experiments

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Identification of the isocyanates generated during the thermal degradation of a polyurethane car paint

Identification of the isocyanates generated during the thermal degradation of a polyurethane car paint

Experimental Research on the Spatial Distribution of Toxic Gases in the Transport of Fire Smoke

The Relationship Between Smoke Concentration Some Distance Down the Hallway and the Opening of the Room of Fire Origin

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