Toxicity of Temephos to Anisogammarus sp. under the different temperature and exposure period

Yasuno, Masayuki; Hatakeyama, Narihisa; Hasegawa, Junichi

doi:10.7601/mez.29.365

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Thus, toxicity of all organochlorines to Trichoptera larvae varied inversely with temperature, while that of organophosphorus compounds varied directly (Fredeen, 1972). These temperature findings are supported by the work of Yasuno et al (1978) on Crustacea and to some extent by Sanders & Cope (1966) on Cladocera, and are paralleled by findings on the target simuliids previously discussed. Jensen & Gaufin (1964a, b) found that one of their species of stonefly was consistently more tolerant than other ones to the wide range of pesticides tested.…”

Section: Laboratory Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…However, in the temperate zone, temephos has not proved so effective. Again, this is almost certainly a question of temperature for, contrary to chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphorus compounds work best at higher temperatures (Yasuno et al, 1978). Frost (1980), working in Newfoundland, found that doses of up to 0-3 mg temephos/litre for 20 min had little or no effect on P. fuscum and other invertebrate fauna in May, when stream temperatures were less than 7 C C, whereas in August, at 20-24°C, such doses were effective against the larvae of S. tuberosum and 5. venustum.…”

Section: Classes Of Chemical Larvicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such testing has been carried out most elegantly in a long series of studies by Muirhead-Thomson (1973, b, c, 1979, who also reviewed the subject in detail (1971). Other important works on this aspect are Fales et al, 1968;Fredeen, 1972;Jensen & Gaufin, 1964a, b;Sanders & Cope, 1966, 1968Rodrigues et al, 1983;Yasuno et al, 1978). All such studies are of limited applicability and, as Wallace & Hynes (1981) state, "approaches used in laboratory testing make predictions of community dynamics of benthos in running waters difficult, if not impossible".…”

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The feeding behaviour ofSimuliumlarvae, and the development, testing and monitoring of the use of larvicides, with special reference to the control ofSimulium damnosumTheobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae): a review

Walsh

1985

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The control of Simulium has always relied largely on the use of insecticides against the larvae, and this is the case in the current large-scale Onchocerciasis Control Programme against the vector S. damnosum Theobald in West Africa. Resistance to temephos has occurred in some vector species, and it is necessary to find alternatives to this preferred larvicide. In order to provide a frame of reference for the development of new larvicides or formulations, the literature relating to larval filter-feeding behaviour is first reviewed in detail. Then the physico-chemical conditions in larval habitats are outlined. The types of formulations and classes of insecticide used in Simulium control are considered, with particular attention being given to emulsifiable concentrate formulations and the reasons for their effectiveness. Particulate formulations, which have been recommended on environmental grounds, are also discussed. Techniques used in the screening of larvicides are considered, and it is concluded that flow-through systems are necessary; mini-gutter tests conducted using water and fauna from rivers to be treated are to be strongly preferred, followed by stream trials. Knowledge of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Simulium larvicide is reviewed in detail. The environmental impact of control of Simulium larvae, both in the tropics and the temperate zone, is extensively reviewed. Throughout, key features which might lead to improved larvicide formulations and testing procedures, together with serious gaps in our knowledge are emphasized.

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Section: Laboratory Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Classes Of Chemical Larvicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The feeding behaviour ofSimuliumlarvae, and the development, testing and monitoring of the use of larvicides, with special reference to the control ofSimulium damnosumTheobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae): a review

Walsh

1985

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…However, a higher dosage than usual would be required in a cold mountain stream, especially in the winter season, since the toxicity of temephos depends on water temperature (Yasuno et al 1978). Also, the use of a higher dosage of insecticide could clarify the processes of its impact on the stream ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the benthic fauna and flora after application of temephos to a stream on Mt. Tsukuba

et al. 1982

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A dose of 2 ppm of temephos in emulsifiable formulation was applied to a mountain stream to observe its effects on the zoobenthos and the subsequent changes in benthic algae. Most zoobenthos in the treated region drifted but there were slight differences among taxa. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera disappeared but some Trichoptera and Diptera survived. Chironomids recolonized earlier than other invertebrates and reached a higher density level than before the treatment. A bloom of benthic algae occurred following the destruction of fauna. The increase in the standing crop of algae was accompanied by an increase in the number of species. Among these, A chnanthes lanceolata, Meridion circulare and Tetrasporagelatinosa were predominant. The end of the bloom began with the recovery of the zoobenthos population.

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“…The decreased toxicity of temephos at low water temperatures has also been reported for other invertebrates, Anisogammarus sp. (Yasuno et al 1978) and for Aedes euedes and Aedes stimulans (Helson and Surgeoner 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on the Toxicity of Temephos to Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvae

Rodrigues

Kaushik

1984

Can Entomol

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Different formulations of temephos were tested against Simulium venustum and S. vittatum larvae at water temperatures of 7 °to 20 °C under simulated stream conditions in the laboratory and the results indicated a significant positive correlation between water temperature and temephos efficacy. Temephos application of up to 5 mg/L/10 min had very little effect on Simulium larvae at 7 ° to 8 °C. Data from the tests indicated that both emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder formulations have positive temperature coefficients. The WP formulation was 11 times and two EC formulations were 32 times more toxic at 20 °C than at 10 °C. The rate of larval detachment was faster at the higher temperatures but even at 20 °C detachment was not immediate as is common with larvae treated with methoxychlor. Detached larvae did not survive. On the basis of the present laboratory experiments on temperature–efficacy relationships, there are very strong indications that these formulations could be used effectively against black fly larvae only in streams that have water temperatures not less than 18 °to 20 °C.

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Toxicity of Temephos to Anisogammarus sp. under the different temperature and exposure period

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The feeding behaviour ofSimuliumlarvae, and the development, testing and monitoring of the use of larvicides, with special reference to the control ofSimulium damnosumTheobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae): a review

The feeding behaviour ofSimuliumlarvae, and the development, testing and monitoring of the use of larvicides, with special reference to the control ofSimulium damnosumTheobald s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae): a review

Changes in the benthic fauna and flora after application of temephos to a stream on Mt. Tsukuba

The Effect of Temperature on the Toxicity of Temephos to Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Larvae

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