Toxicity of Spent Phone Batteries on Microflora in Marine, Brackish and Freshwater Ecosystems

Douglas, Salome Ibietela; Nrior, Renner Renner; Kpormon, Lucky B.

doi:10.9734/jamb/2018/44033

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the result in Table 1 indicated that virtually all the heavy metal analyzed from the spent phone battery samples were above the WHO [15] and FEPA [16] limits. This result is similar to the publication of Darko [17] and Douglas et al [12] who reported higher concentrations of these hazardous metals in the electrodes of spent battery samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The spent laptop batteries samples were prepared by forcefully opening the batteries under the aseptic conditions and battery contents were released into well labelled 1L round bottomed plastic containers [12]. The composite garden soil was sieved with metal mesh of size 10 mm to remove stones and debris and oven -dried using electric oven (Gallenkamp, USA) at 105℃ for 24 h [13].…”

Section: Preparation Of the Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Selenastrum capricornutum Prinz, Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biomonitors: Natural Monitors of Spent Phone Battery Toxicity

Uba

Egbujor

Umeh

2020

AJARR

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Aims: This study was undertaken to monitor the different effects of spent Toshiba and Dell laptop battery on the growth and germination indices of Selenastrum capricornutum Prinz, Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Study Design: Five treatments and the controls designs designated as 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100% and CTRL were set up in triplicates and incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 72 h and 5 days. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (COOU), Uli Anambra State, Nigeria during May, 2019 - December, 2019. Methodology: The algal growth inhibition was analyzed using spectrophotometric method while growth and germination indices were adopted for the seed growth inhibition. Results: The result revealed that the positive control K2Cr2O7 had the lowest ErC10 (-86.65 mg/L) and the highest ErC90 (130.92 mg/L) while the spent Dell battery sample had the highest ErC10 (10.18 mg/L) and spent Toshiba battery sample had the lowest ErC90 (75.52 mg/L) on Selenastrum capricornutum growth rate, respectively. Boric acid standard toxicant had the highest EC50 (-12.62 mg/kg and -14.30 mg/kg) on Z. mays and P. vulgaris while Toshiba and Dell battery samples had the lowest EC50 (-73.03 mg/kg and -22.37 mg/kg) on Z. mays and P. vulgaris, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that both S. capricornutum, Z. mays L. and P. vulgaris L. were very good bio-monitoring models for spent Toshiba and Dell laptop battery contamination assessment; and are therefore recommended for E-wastes bioassays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Preparation Of the Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Selenastrum capricornutum Prinz, Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biomonitors: Natural Monitors of Spent Phone Battery Toxicity

Uba

Egbujor

Umeh

2020

AJARR

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“…The fungal colonies were counted; average counts of the duplicate plates were recorded. Discrete colonies were subcultured unto freshly prepared SDA plates to get pure fungal isolates, which were preserved on SDA slants [1].…”

Section: Enumeration Of Total Heterotrophic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of man's quest to make his environment more conducive for living, as well as advances in information and communications industries, various electronic devises are manufactured, and used. This has led to large scale generation of waste, called electronic or ewaste at the end of their life span [1]. Most of its components are harmful to the environment and the living things in it [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of Some Soil Fungi to the Content of Deep Cycle Battery and Their Bioremediation Potential

Douglas

Wellington

Sokari

2020

SAJRM

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Aims: The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen soil fungi that are able to tolerate the contents of spent deep cycle battery (inverter), and to test for their bioremediation potential. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, between June 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from a mechanic village while spent inverter batteries were obtained from a waste vendor. The battery was forced open to extract its contents of the battery. Using standard microbiological techniques, fungi were enumerated and characterized. Stock solution of the battery content was prepared by dissolving the inverter battery content in sterile deionized water. This stock solution was used to carry out the screening test on the fungal isolates to ascertain the fungi that can tolerate the contents of the spent battery. Results: Total heterotrophic fungal counts for the polluted and unpolluted soil were 6.0 x 103 cfu/g and 7.5 x 104cfu/g respectively. The fungal isolates identified from the polluted soil samples were members of the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida, while, the isolates identified from the unpolluted soil sample includes: Candida sp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, Yeast, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus sp. After the screening, total heterotrophic fungal counts for the soil ranged from 1.0 x 102cfu/g to 9.5 x 102cfu/g. Two fungi of the genera: Rhizopus and Mucor had the highest counts during 72 hours of incubation for the screening test. The results obtained from this study indicated that species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida were the most inhibited by the contents of the spent battery while Rhizopus and Mucor spp were more tolerant to the contents of the inverter. Rhizopus and Mucor spp were therefore, adopted in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with contents from the battery. It was observed that Rhizopus and Mucor spp in a consortium had the highest percentage of heavy metal removal (or uptake) in the following order: Cadmium (66.66%) > Lead (38.15%) > Zinc (26.83%) > Nickel (20.83). Conclusion: These organisms can be used in the bioremediation of soil polluted with metals from spent deep cycle batteries.

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Responses of Selenastrum capricornutum, Eisenia fetida, Brassica nigra and Sorghum bicolor to sent phone battery toxicity

Ubani,

Uba,

Modise

et al. 2024

Multidiscip. Sci. J.

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Indiscriminate release of spent phone battery in the environment poses a danger to human and animal life. Assessment of their toxicity using bioassays, therefore, becomes imperative. In this study, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) standardized toxicity tests exhibited a high degree of sensitivity in evaluating various endpoints across different trophic levels and taxonomic groups. These tests encompass a range of parameters, including mortality rate (h), growth inhibition (ECx), germination, and root length (ECx), providing a comprehensive assessment of spent phone battery toxicity. The responses of Selenastrum capricornutum, Eisenia fetida, Brassica nigra and Sorghum bicolor to spent phone battery toxicity were investigated. Standard methods of analysis for heavy metal, microalgal toxicity, earthworm mortality and phytotoxicity were adopted. S. capricornutum, B. nigra and S. bicolor seeds were exposed for 72 h and 5 d at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mg/L or mg/kg while Eisenia fetida exposed for 48 h and 14 d at concentrations ranging from 0 mg/L to 2.10 LC50 mg/kg for Gionee phone battery and 0 mg/L to 3.50 LC50 mg/kg for Lenovo battery samples. The result showed that all the spent phone battery samples (Gionee and Lenovo) had WHO and FEPA exceeded the limits of the heavy metals analyzed. The order of toxicity to S. capricornutum growth is Lenovo > Gionee > positive control K2Cr2O7 after 72 h exposure. On E. fetida, Gionee > Lenovo after 48 h and 14th-day treatments while boric acid > Gionee > Lenovo as well as boric acid > Lenovo > Gionee were observed on B. nigra and S. bicolor, respectively after 5 d exposure. The responses of the model organisms in this study necessitate the establishment of stringent implemental management measures by government and environmental policymakers to effectively address the problems and challenges associated with e-waste.

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Toxicity of Spent Phone Batteries on Microflora in Marine, Brackish and Freshwater Ecosystems

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Selenastrum capricornutum Prinz, Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biomonitors: Natural Monitors of Spent Phone Battery Toxicity

Selenastrum capricornutum Prinz, Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biomonitors: Natural Monitors of Spent Phone Battery Toxicity

Tolerance of Some Soil Fungi to the Content of Deep Cycle Battery and Their Bioremediation Potential

Responses of <em>Selenastrum capricornutum</em>, <em>Eisenia fetida</em>, <em>Brassica nigra</em> and <em>Sorghum bicolor</em> to sent phone battery toxicity

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