Toxicity of Ochratoxin A, Its Opened Lactone Form and Several of Its Analogs: Structure–Activity Relationships

Xiao, Hao; Madhyastha, Srinivasa; Marquardt, R. R.; Li, Suzhen; Vodela, Jayantha K.; Frohlich, A. A.; Kemppainen, Barbara W.

doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0071

Cited by 143 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…It is obvious that the isocoumarin moiety alone is not efective but must be bound to phenylalanine to show toxic efects. With the current knowledge, no clear general toxicity ranking can be drawn; after all, OTA seems to be overall the most toxic, followed by OTC, OTB and OTα [33].…”

Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In comparison to OTA, the methyl ester of OTA was less toxic than OTA in day-old chicks, while OTB methyl and ethyl esters were found to be non-lethal to orally exposed dayold ducklings [22]. OTα is much less toxic (approximately 100 fold) than OTA as indicated in diferent studies [33]. It is obvious that the isocoumarin moiety alone is not efective but must be bound to phenylalanine to show toxic efects.…”

Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Mycotoxins in Poultry

Filazı¹,

Yurdakök-Dikmen²,

Kuzukiran³

et al. 2017

Poultry Science

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Mycotoxins, the toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, particularly produced by many species of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium, have afected animal and human health for over thousand years, whereas litle has been discovered so far about these complex substances in poultry, which are generally very sensitive. Even though it varies by species and sex, some common efects are reduced feed intake, weight gain, feed eiciency, growth performance, immunity and hatchability along with increased mortality, organ damages (mainly kidney and liver), carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and decreased egg production. Besides their adverse health efects and the decrease in production rate, concerns over their importance in public health is still under debate. Decontamination approaches to reduce mycotoxins in feed are technologically diverse and based on chemical, biological and physical strategies. Chemical remediation strategies involve the conversion of mycotoxins via chemical reactions. Biological strategies involve various substances such as plant ingredients, enzymes and microorganisms. Physical processes include sorting, milling, dehulling, cleaning, heating, irradiation or combinational approaches. New strategies for the prevention and treatment of mycotoxicosis, including beneicial microorganisms/products, along with alternative treatments, including plant extracts/essential oils, are current hot topics in the poultry industry.

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Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Ochratoxinsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mycotoxins in Poultry

Filazı¹,

Yurdakök-Dikmen²,

Kuzukiran³

et al. 2017

Poultry Science

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show abstract

“…A presença do átomo de cloro em um dos anéis diidroisocumarínicos da estrutura da OTA contribui para a sua atividade tóxica. A ocratoxina B, que contém um hidrogênio ao invés do átomo de cloro, é aproximadamente dez vezes menos tóxica que a OTA, enquanto que os produtos da hidrólise da OTA e da ocratoxina B, a ocratoxina α e β, respectivamente, não são tóxicas (XIAO et al, 1996).…”

Section: Biossínteseunclassified

Impacto das Fumonisinas, Aflatoxinas e Ocratoxina A na Avicultura

Bordini¹,

Rossi²,

Hirooka³

et al. 2013

BBR

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Brazil is the third largest producer of poultry in the world and the leading exporter. However, mycotoxin contamination in corn and feed can cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Mycotoxins have been linked to several poultry diseases and, when metabolized may occur in meat and eggs and are an additional source for human contamination. Therefore, continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels in the feed producing chain is essential to increase productivity, ensure poultry product quality and minimize human health hazards. The aim of this study was to revise the main aspects of mycotoxins (fumonisin, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), including the producing fungi, the biosynthesis pathway, the toxicological effects in poultry and occurrence in corn and poultry feed Keywords: fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, chicken, corn RESUMOO Brasil é o terceiro produtor mundial de aves e o líder em exportações. No entanto, a contaminação de milho e rações por micotoxinas pode acarretar grandes perdas econômicas à avicultura. As micotoxinas estão associadas a diversos efeitos tóxicos em aves e, ao serem metabolizadas, podem ocorrer em carne e ovos, constituindo um risco para a saúde humana. Portanto, o monitoramento contínuo de micotoxinas na cadeia produtiva de rações é essencial para aumentar a produtividade, assegurar a qualidade do produto e minimizar os riscos à saúde humana. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar os principais aspectos das micotoxinas (fumonisinas, aflatoxinas e ocratoxina A), incluindo os fungos produtores, via de biossíntese, efeitos toxicológicos em aves e a ocorrência em milho e rações de aves.Palavras-chave: fumonisinas, aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A, aves, rações BBR -Biochemistry and Biotechnology Reports

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“…OTB is said to be about 10-fold less toxic than OTA [23,24], but some studies mention its cytotoxic [25,26,27] and teratogenic effects [28]. OTC has been reported to have toxicity similar to that of OTA [22,24,29]. However, a subsequent in vitro study indicated that OTC is more toxic than OTA, at least with respect to the impairment of immune cell functions [30,31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%