Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Freshwater Fishes: Challenges and Concerns

Firdous, Aimen; Pillai, Jayachithra Ramakrishna; Rehman, Muneeb U.; Rashid, Shahzada Mudasir; Rasool, Saiema; Majid, Sabhiya; Rashid, Tabasum; Farooq, Adil; Masoodi, Mubashir Hussain

doi:10.1201/9781003130116-2

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Hexavalent chromium is one of the most toxic metals to aquatic animals, as it readily penetrates cell membranes [1]. In water, hexavalent chromium is mainly present as the chromate ion and has 500-1000 times higher activity than trivalent chromium, causing higher toxicity which can result in allergic reactions, deformities, tissue damage, and abnormal behavior in fish [2,3]. Hexavalent chromium does not readily degrade naturally and thus can accumulate in the environment and have direct and indirect effects on aquatic animals, especially fish [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects on Oxidative Stress, Neurotoxicity, Stress, and Immune Responses in Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Exposed to Waterborne Hexavalent Chromium

Lee

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Biology

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Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus were exposed to waterborne hexavalent chromium at various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) for 10 days. After chromium exposure, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, which are oxidative stress indicators, were significantly increased; however, the glutathione level was significantly reduced. Acetylcholinesterase activity as a neurotoxicity marker was significantly inhibited upon chromium exposure. Other stress indicators, including plasma cortisol and heat shock protein 70, were significantly increased. The immune response markers (lysozyme and immunoglobulin M) were significantly decreased after chromium exposure. These results suggest that exposure to environmental toxicity in the form of waterborne chromium at concentrations higher than 1.0 mg/L causes significant alterations in antioxidant responses, neurotransmitters, stress, and immune responses in juvenile olive flounders. This study will provide a basis for an accurate assessment of the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on aquatic organisms.

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