Toxicity of food contact paper evaluated by combined biological and chemical methods

Kejlová, Kristína; Dvořáková, Marcela; Vavrouš, Adam; Ševčík, Václav; Kanďárová, Helena; Letašiová, Silvia; Sosnovcová, Jitka; Jírová, Dagmar

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.001

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Besides enterocytes, other types of cells, such as paneth cells, M cells, tuft cells, and intestinal stem cells constitute the intestinal epithelium. In this sense, 3D models provide more realistic tissue response in comparison with the Caco-2 2D culture [ 41 ]. The main advantage of these models in toxicology in comparison to 2D models, is to obtain results more similar to human tissues, and therefore to avoid the use of animals [ 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro Procedure on the Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2023

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The growing interest in graphene derivatives is a result of their variety of applications in many fields. Due to their use, the oral route could be a potential way of entrance for the general population. This work assesses the biotransformation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) after an in vitro digestion procedure (mouth, gastric, intestinal, and colon digestion), and its toxic effects in different cell models (HepG2, Caco-2, and 3D intestinal model). The characterization of rGO digestas evidenced the agglomeration of samples during the in vitro gastrointestinal (g.i.) digestion. Internalization of rGO was only evident in Caco-2 cells exposed to the colonic phase and no cellular defects were observed. Digestas of rGO did not produce remarkable cytotoxicity in any of the experimental models employed at the tested concentrations (up to 200 µg/mL), neither an inflammatory response. Undigested rGO has shown cytotoxic effects in Caco-2 cells, therefore these results suggest that the digestion process could prevent the systemic toxic effects of rGO. However, additional studies are necessary to clarify the interaction of rGO with the g.i. tract and its biocompatibility profile.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro Procedure on the Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2023

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“…In the same way, Kejlova et al. (2019) studied the toxicity of food contact paper using combined biological and chemical methods. Of the 231 paper and paperboard samples (samples with different pulp percentages of recycled matter, paper household, and party products) assessed using the 3T3 neutral red cytotoxicity assay (to simulate relevant biological availability and realistic exposure pathways), only 88 undiluted sample extracts were non‐cytotoxic (viability of the cell culture > 70%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two particularly noticeable materials were cake/pastry boxes/mats and boxes for infant formula/skimmed milk owing to their heavy coloration with printing inks. In the same way, Kejlova et al (2019) studied the toxicity of food contact paper using combined biological and chemical methods.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Etxabide

Young

Bremer

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Almost all processed food comes packaged in either plastic, glass, metal, or paper and paperboard materials, and many packaging materials are disposed of after a single use (linear economy). Based on the concept of a circular economy, the recycling of food packaging materials has become one of the main targets for industries and regulators around the world. However, recycling presents particular challenges, mainly related to the recycled material composition, which determines its reusability, application, functionality, and chemical safety. In this latter matter, it has been demonstrated that the use of recycled food packaging materials increases the number and possible sources of substances that could be present in the packaging material, which is of concern as substances that can migrate into food and cause health hazards upon consumption. This review compiles information regarding substances detected in non-permanent food packaging materials, focusing mainly on plastics, paper, and paperboards. The compilation of literature studies (110 research articles) on the presence of intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials, their migration, toxicity, and dietary exposure has been summarized, evaluated, and discussed. In addition, current sustainable food packaging trends have been mentioned. Finally, approaches to reduce the presence, migration, and potential exposure to substances that have migrated from packaging materials into food have been reviewed.

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“…The lack of response in the NFκβ reporter gene assay could be explained by several factors, that the extracts did not induce an immune response, potential immunosuppressive effects or lack of cell communication that is critical for proper immunological. Kejlová et al (2019) also investigated the inflammatory response and observed the induction of cytokine IL-8 in heavy-printing FCM samples in the sophisticated 3D human intestine model EpiIntestinal FT, which suggest that FCMs may affect important functions of leukocytes. Still, few studies have investigated the inflammatory response from FCM and future studies should focus on the potential immunotoxic effects in the gut, since it is the main route of exposure of FCMs.…”

Section: Nfκβ Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Food contact materials: an effect-based evaluation of the presence of hazardous chemicals in paper and cardboard packaging

Selin

Svensson

Gravenfors

et al. 2021

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Food contact materials (FCMs) can contain hazardous chemicals that may have the potential to migrate into food and pose a health hazard for humans. Previous studies have mainly focused on plastic materials, while data on packaging materials made from paper and cardboard are limited. We used a panel of cell-based bioassays to investigate the presence and impact of bioactive chemicals on human relevant endpoints like oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism and endocrine system effects in extracts made from paper and cardboard. In total, 23 methanol extracts of commonly used paper and cardboard available on the Swedish market were extracted as a whole product using methanol to retrieve polar substances, and tested at concentrations 0.3-10 mg/mL and 0.2-6 mg/mL. At the highest concentration bioactivities were observed in a high proportion of the samples: oxidative stress (52%), genotoxicity (100%), xenobiotic metabolism (74%), antiandrogenic-(52%) and antioestrogenic receptor (39%). Packages of potential concern included cake/pastry boxes/ mats, boxes for infant formula/skimmed milk, pizza boxes, pizza slice trays and bag of cookies. It should be noted that the extraction for packages like cake/pastry boxes can be considered exaggerated, as the exposure usually is shorter. It can be hypothesised that the observed responses may be explained by inks, coatings, contaminants and/or naturally occurring compounds within the material. To summarise, an effect-based approach enables hazard identification of chemicals within FCMs, which is a valuable tool for ensuring safe use of FCMs.

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Toxicity of food contact paper evaluated by combined biological and chemical methods

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro Procedure on the Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro Procedure on the Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Non‐permanent primary food packaging materials assessment: Identification, migration, toxicity, and consumption of substances

Food contact materials: an effect-based evaluation of the presence of hazardous chemicals in paper and cardboard packaging

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