Toxicity of complex cyanobacterial samples and their fractions in Xenopus laevis embryos and the role of microcystins

Burýšková, Blanka; Hilscherová, Klára; Babica, Pavel; Vršková, Dagmar; Maršálek, Blahoslav; Bláha, Luděk

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.001

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It seems that crude cyanobacterial extracts have more prominent effects than purified MC-LR on alterations of the activity of plasma enzymes in crucian carp. Similar phenomena were also observed in the embryonic development of aquatic organisms treated with crude cyanobacterial extracts (Oberemm et al 1999;Burýšková et al 2006;Palíková et al 2007). It has also been reported that the toxic effects of crude extracted microcystins are much more evident than those of pure MC-LR, probably because substances (not yet identified) in the crude extracts increase the rate of uptake of toxins; synergistic actions of toxins and unknown substances could also increase toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…White bars indicate control fish, gray bars indicate the 50 lg kg -1 dose, and black bars indicate the 200 lg kg -1 dose much more evident than those of pure MC-LR (Oberemm et al 1997(Oberemm et al , 1999Burýšková et al 2006;Palíková et al 2007). Burýšková et al (2006) support the suggestion that microcystins are not the only or major toxic compounds in the complex cyanobacterial samples (at least for some species) and that more attention should be paid to other components of complex cyanobacterial biomass. Blood parameters are useful and sensitive for diagnosis of diseases and monitoring of the physiological status of fish exposed to toxicants (Adhikari et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations in blood biochemicals were documented in these studies. Compared to pure MC-LR, the toxic effects of crude cyanobacterial extracts are much more evident, as substances from crude extracts may increase the rate of uptake of toxins and the synergistic actions of toxins (Oberemm et al 1997(Oberemm et al , 1999Burýšková et al 2006;Palíková et al 2007;Falconer 2007). However, there have been no reports documenting blood biochemical responses of experimental animals to i.p.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

Zhang

Xie

Wang

et al. 2007

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Healthy crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were treated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of crude cyanobacterial extracts at two doses, 50 and 200 lg MC-LR equiv kg -1 BW. High mortality (100%) was observed within 60 h post injection in the high-dose group. In the treated fish, activities of four plasma enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), all showed substantial increases, with both dose and time-dependent effects. These increases of enzyme activity indicate severe impairment occurred in the liver of crucian carp over time. Plasma concentrations of energy-related biomolecules including glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and total protein (TP) showed marked changes in the high-dose group, possibly a nutritional imbalance correlated with the liver injury caused by intraperitoneal exposure to crude cyanobacterial extracts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

Zhang

Xie

Wang

et al. 2007

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…Exposure to RA through both diet and/or directly from water can cause mortality and deformities in tadpoles of X. laevis (14,15). Extracts of cyanobacteria can cause developmental toxicity, including mortality, growth inhibition, and malformations in X. laevis, and these effects have been shown not to be caused by microcystins (46). Altogether, the results of these studies indicate that RAs and 4-oxo-RAs found in Taihu Lake might pose a risk for animals living in the water and feeding on algae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria blooms produce teratogenic retinoic acids

Jiang

Wan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Deformed amphibians have been observed in eutrophic habitats, and some clues point to the retinoic acids (RAs) or RA mimics. However, RAs are generally thought of as vertebrate-specific hormones, and there was no evidence that RAs exist in cyanobacteria or algae blooms. By analyzing RAs and their analogs 4-oxo-RAs in natural cyanobacteria blooms and cultures of cyanobacteria and algae, we showed that cyanobacteria blooms could produce RAs, which were powerful animal teratogens. Intracellular RAs and 4-oxo-RAs with concentrations between 0.4 and 4.2 × 10 2 ng/L were detected in all bloom materials, and extracellular concentrations measured in water from Taihu Lake, China, were as great as 2.0 × 10 ng/L, which might pose a risk to wildlife through chronic exposure. Further examination of 39 cyanobacteria and algae species revealed that 32 species could produce RAs and 4-oxo-RAs (1.6-1.4 × 10 3 ng/g dry weight), and the dominant cyanobacteria species in Taihu Lake, Microcystis flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa, produced high amounts of RAs and 4-oxo-RAs with concentrations of 1.4 × 10 3 and 3.7 × 10 2 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Most genera of cyanobacteria that could produce RAs and 4-oxo-RAs, such as Microcystis, Anabaena, and Aphanizomenon, often occur dominantly in blooms. Production of RAs and 4-oxo-RAs by cyanobacteria was associated with species, origin location, and growth stage. These results represent a conclusive demonstration of endogenous production of RAs in freshwater cyanobacteria blooms. The observation of teratogenic RAs in cyanobacteria is evolutionarily and ecologically significant because RAs are vertebrate-specific hormones, and cyanobacteria form extensive and highly visible blooms in many aquatic ecosystems.eutrophication | phytoplankton | deformities | Asia

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“…Additionally, by framing regulatory decisions around assessments of cyanobacterial cell concentrations, unnecessary public health risks stemming from yet-tobe discovered bioactive molecules will also be mitigated. An estimate for what these limits should be can largely be derived from existing data that have been generated from investigations of the toxicological effects stemming from exposures to cyanobacterial crude extracts (homogenates)-which are often observed to be more lethal than exposure to the individual, purified toxins themselves [92][93][94]. These estimates could further be refined using high throughput bioassays incorporating mammalian cell lines [95], invertebrates [96], or fish embryos [97], for example, in order to tease apart the individual and synergistic effects of various cyanobacterial metabolites.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolite Gene Expression and Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Toxic Cyanobacteria in U.S. Drinking and Recreational Waters: Our Current Understanding and Proposed Direction

Otten

Paerl

2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Cyanobacterial-derived water quality impairment issues are a growing concern worldwide. In addition to their ecological impacts, these organisms are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which are known human intoxicants. To date only a handful of these compounds have been thoroughly studied and their toxicological risks estimated. While there are currently no national guidelines in place to deal with this issue, it is increasingly likely that within the next several years guidelines will be implemented. The intent of this review is to survey all relevant literature pertaining to cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom secondary metabolites, to inform a discussion on how best to manage this global public health threat.

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Toxicity of complex cyanobacterial samples and their fractions in Xenopus laevis embryos and the role of microcystins

Cited by 60 publications

References 48 publications

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

Cyanobacteria blooms produce teratogenic retinoic acids

Health Effects of Toxic Cyanobacteria in U.S. Drinking and Recreational Waters: Our Current Understanding and Proposed Direction

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