“…The concentrations of pesticides tested across experiments were: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 1.000 and 10.000 µg/L. These concentrations were chosen based on: i) the European drinking water directive (98/83/EC) and the ground water directive (2006/118/EC) which set a maximum concentration of 0.1 µg/L for an individual pesticide and 0.5 µg/L for total pesticides; ii) US aquatic life benchmarks for registered pesticides (https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessingpesticide-risks/aquatic-life-benchmarks-and-ecological-risk); iii) reported environmental concentrations (Morrissey et al, 2015;Qian et al, 2021Qian et al, , 2018Thompson et al, 2020;Velisek and Stara, 2018;Vu et al, 2016) and previous publications (Cao et al, 2019;Jia et al, 2020;Lulla et al, 2016;Osterauer and Köhler, 2008;Qian et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2019). All water solutions were renovated every day.…”