Toxicity assessment of organomodified clays used in food contact materials on human target cell lines

Houtman, Jon C. D.; Maisanaba, Sara; Puerto, María; Gutiérrez-Praena, Daniel; Jordà, María Pilar Safont; Aucejo, Susana; Jos, A.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2014.01.009

Cited by 54 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Regarding CLAY2, Caco-2 cells were more sensitive than the HepG2 cell line. Similarly, in the research carried out by Houtman et al, [106] significant cytotoxicity effects were observed in both Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines exposed to CLAY2 in a range of 0 to 125 µg/mL during 24 and 48 h. Also no toxic effects were recorded for Cloisite®20A and CLAY1 at the ranges of 0-62.5 μg/mL and 0 to 8 µg/mL, respectively. In their work, Maisanaba et al [100] also evaluated the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of migration extracts obtained from a nanocomposite material with poly (lactic) acid (PLA) and two modified clays, Clay1 and Clay2, to assess the real exposure.…”

Section: Toxicological Considerations Of Nano-claysmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Thus, it would be necessary to evaluate the risk assessment and the toxicological profile of nanoclays, claimed by the European Food Safety Authority. In this sense, appropriate in vivo and in vitro studies on different cell models such as human epithelial cell line [99], human hepatic cell line HepG2 and human intestinal Caco-2 Cells [11,106], human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell line, and cervical cancer cell line [107] have been performed to address uncertainties about the health effects. Adverse health effects of nanoclays depend on size, shape, aspect ratio, electrostatic charge, concentration, time and cell line [105,107].…”

Section: Toxicological Considerations Of Nano-claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of nanoclays in food packaging

2019

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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Nanoclays have received special attention due to their wide range of industrial applications due to some inherent properties. Nowadays one of the most active areas of nanoclays research is their employ in food packaging. In this paper, at first, the reasons of nanoclay applications are introduced. Then critical issue in developing food packaging materials are reviewed to minimize gasses and other small molecules transfer between out-side packaging environment and food. The reason for improvement of permeability of films is discussed. The permeability of nanocomposite films may be determined using two factors: diffusion and solubility coefficients. Then antimicrobial activity of clay-based nanocomposites and its mechanism and factors influencing on it are mentioned. The way of evaluation of mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films and strategies for improvement are introduced. Finally, other applications of nanoclays e.g. controlled release of various bioactive molecules and development of reinforced food contact materials have been introduced.

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Section: Toxicological Considerations Of Nano-claysmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Toxicological Considerations Of Nano-claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nanoclays in food packaging

2019

Biointerface Res Appl Chem

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“…The results showed no toxic effects for OMNM itself when used at 0.5% (w/w) in rat diet. In this concern, Houtman et al [47] reported that montmorillonite-based nanoclays had no cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell lines although these authors suggested that the type of modifiers is very importance to improve the compatibility with the polymer matrix. Others studies have evaluated the toxicity of the commercial non modified montmorillonite in the same cell lines [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, Baek et al [50] reported the evaluation of ROS production in INT-407 cells exposed to montmorillonite at the highest concentration (1000 μg/mL) at all three time points assayed (24, 48 and 72 h). Moreover, it was reported that organo modified montmorillonite did not induce leakage of IL-6, biomarker of an inflammatory response, in any of the cell lines [47]. Montmorillonite, on the other hand, has been reported to rapidly lyse neutrophils and erythrocytes in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats

Abdel‐Wahhab¹,

El-Denshary²,

El‐Nekeety³

et al. 2015

SNL

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The aim of the current study was to prepare organo-modified nano montmorillonite (OMNM) and to evaluate its chemopreventive effects against the hapatonephrotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OA) singly or in combination in rats. OMNM was prepared using Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as organic modifier. Eighty male Sprague Dawley were divided into 8 groups and treated for 8 weeks as follow: the control group; the group treated orally with AFB1 (80 µg/kg b.w.); the group treated with OA (100 µg/kg b.w.); the group treated with AFB1 plus OA, the group treated with OMNM (5 g/kg diet) and the groups treated with AFB1 and/or OA plus OMNM. At the end of treatment period, blood and tissue samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histological analysis. The results revealed that the expansion in the basal spacing of the montmorillonite due to the intercalation of CTAB was 7.20 Å and the average particle size of OMNM was 120 nm. The in vivo results indicated that treatment with both AFB1 and OA singly or in combination resulted in a significant increase in liver and kidney function parameters, oxidative stress and tumor markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and significant histological changes in liver and kidney tissues. These changes * Corresponding author. M. A. Abdel-Wahhab et al. 22were severe in the group received the combined treatment of AFB1 and OA. OMNM alone did not show any toxic effect and it succeeded to prevent or at least diminish the toxic effects and the histological changes in liver and kidney. It can be concluded that treatment with AFB1 and OA has a synergistic toxic effects and OMNM is safe and it is a promise candidate as an additive to protect against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in high risk population.

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“…One hurdle is ensuring that CPNs are safe for humans and the environment throughout product life-cycles, particularly the use phase. In association with food packaging applications, studies have explored both the potential toxicity of clay particles 15−20 and the release (migration) of substances from CPNs into food simulants. 20−30 Most published CPN exposure studies have fixated on the inorganic clay particles, with less attention paid to the fate of organic surfactant modifiers, such as quaternary ammonium cations (QACs), used to enhance the compatibility of hydrophilic clays with the hydrophobic polymer phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of Quaternary Ammonium Cations from Exfoliated Clay/Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites into Food Simulants

Jablonski

Malik

et al. 2019

ACS Omega

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Clay/polymer nanocomposites (CPNs) are polymers incorporating refined clay particles that are frequently functionalized with quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) as dispersion aids. There is interest in commercializing CPNs for food contact applications because they have improved strength and barrier properties, but there are few studies on the potential for QACs in CPNs to transfer to foods under conditions of intended use. In this study, we manufactured low-density poly(ethylene) (LDPE)-based CPNs and assessed whether QACs can migrate into several food simulants under accelerated storage conditions. QACs were found to migrate to a fatty food simulant (ethanol) at levels of ∼1.1 μg mg –1 CPN mass after 10 days at 40 °C, constituting about 4% total migration (proportion of the initial QAC content in the CPN that migrated to the simulant). QAC migration into ethanol was ∼16× higher from LDPE containing approximately the same concentration of QACs but no clay, suggesting that most QACs in the CPN are tightly bound to clay particles and are immobile. Negligible QACs were found to migrate into aqueous, alcoholic, or acidic simulants from CPNs, and the amount of migrated QACs was also found to scale with the temperature and the initial clay concentration. The migration data were compared to a theoretical diffusion model, and it was found that the diffusion constant for QACs in the CPN was several orders of magnitude slower than predicted, which we attributed to the potential for QACs to migrate as dimers or other aggregates rather than as individual ions. Nevertheless, the use of the migration model resulted in a conservative estimate of the mass transfer of QAC from the CPN test specimens.

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Toxicity assessment of organomodified clays used in food contact materials on human target cell lines

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Application of nanoclays in food packaging

Application of nanoclays in food packaging

Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats

Migration of Quaternary Ammonium Cations from Exfoliated Clay/Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites into Food Simulants

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Toxicity assessment of organomodified clays used in food contact materials on human target cell lines

Cited by 54 publications

References 29 publications

Application of nanoclays in food packaging

Application of nanoclays in food packaging

Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and Ochratoxin A in Rats

Migration of Quaternary Ammonium Cations from Exfoliated Clay/Low-Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites into Food Simulants

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Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats