Efficacy of Organo-Modified Nano Montmorillonite to Protect against the Cumulative Health Risk of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and Ochratoxin A in Rats

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to prepare organo-modified nano montmorillonite (OMNM) and to evaluate its chemopreventive effects against the hapatonephrotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OA) singly or in combination in rats. OMNM was prepared using Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as organic modifier. Eighty male Sprague Dawley were divided into 8 groups and treated for 8 weeks as follow: the control group; the group treated orally with AFB1 (80 µg/kg b.w.); the group treated with OA (100 µg/kg b.w.); the group treated with AFB1 plus OA, the group treated with OMNM (5 g/kg diet) and the groups treated with AFB1 and/or OA plus OMNM. At the end of treatment period, blood and tissue samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histological analysis. The results revealed that the expansion in the basal spacing of the montmorillonite due to the intercalation of CTAB was 7.20 Å and the average particle size of OMNM was 120 nm. The in vivo results indicated that treatment with both AFB1 and OA singly or in combination resulted in a significant increase in liver and kidney function parameters, oxidative stress and tumor markers accompanied with a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and significant histological changes in liver and kidney tissues. These changes * Corresponding author. M. A. Abdel-Wahhab et al. 22were severe in the group received the combined treatment of AFB1 and OA. OMNM alone did not show any toxic effect and it succeeded to prevent or at least diminish the toxic effects and the histological changes in liver and kidney. It can be concluded that treatment with AFB1 and OA has a synergistic toxic effects and OMNM is safe and it is a promise candidate as an additive to protect against the exposure to multi-mycotoxins in high risk population.

Moving into advanced nanomaterials. Toxicity of rutile TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized in nanokaolin nanocomposites on HepG2 cell line

“…Herein, the NK mineral induced a significant concentrationdependent decrease in the viability of HepG2 cells for all periods of exposure and media types (with exception of the 6 h treatment in complete medium for both assays). According to our knowledge, no previous studies on HepG2 cell have previously been made with this type of clay and there are still few toxicological studies in the literature about clays with this hepatic cell line (Abdel-Wahhab et al, 2015). Different cytotoxicity studies using clays demonstrated that these minerals are able to cause cytotoxicity in different cell lines, and even induce cell death (Maisanaba et al, 2015).…”

Worldwide Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Derived Food Products: Public Health Perspectives of Their Co-occurrence

“…In a following study with F344 rats, the acute toxicity of AFB 1 (0.25 mg/kg body weight (bw)) in the liver was decreased when OTA (0.5 mg/kg bw) was administered in combination, with no observed toxicity in the kidneys. 77 On the other hand, Abdel-Wahhab et al 78 observed that combination of AFB 1 and OTA caused more pronounced liver and kidney damage and increased oxidative stress in the liver of SD rats than either toxin alone. In the biochemical analysis, parameters related to liver and kidney functions showed synergy when the two mycotoxins were combined.…”

Mycotoxins in Children’s Food: Problem and Halal Management

“…Consumption of certain foods that are reported to provide defence against mycotoxins, such as coffee, strawberries, tea, pepper, grapes, turmeric, fava beans, garlic, cabbage, and onions as well as chemosorbent materials (Abdel-Wahhab, 2000; Abdel-Wahhab and Aly, 2003l Abdel-Wahhab et al, 1998, 1999a, 2005b, 2015b).…”