Toxicity and Protective Effect of Phenolic‐Enriched Ethylacetate Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum (Linn.) Leaf against Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Abstract

Preclinical Research Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves have attracted considerable attention from researchers because of their medicinal value that include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. In the present study, the toxicity and the protective effect of phenolic extract of O. gratissimum leaf (EAFOg) against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats was assessed. EAFOg, enriched in phenols had no cytotoxic effect against CHO-k1 cells, and no lethality against brine shrimp eggs or mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. EAFOg (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw edema by 47% and 61%, compared to 29% with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC58125 (1 mg/kg) and 81% with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively. In the rat carrageenan-induced air pouch model, EAFOg reduced exudate volume, leucocyte count, nitrite, TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase activity. EAFOg also protected against carrageenan-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. These results provide evidence of the protective effects of EAFOg against acute inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. Drug Dev Res 78 : 135-145, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In Vitro Tests for a Rapid Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Species Containing Caffeic Acid Derivatives: A Validation by Two Well-Known Antidiabetic Plants, Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf and Musanga cecropioides R. Br. ex Tedlie (Mu) Stem Bark

“…The cells' protection against H 2 O 2 oxidative stress was also in agreement with a recent in vivo study showing that an Ocimum gratissimum leaf phenolic extract protected rats against acute inflammation and oxidative stress [18]. Likewise, an aqueous Ocimum gratissimum extract revealed antioxidant and cytoprotective activities in the presence of hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in human HepG2 cells [34].…”

“…ex Tedlie (Cecropiaceae family). In vivo studies demonstrated that Oc leaf extracts possess both in vitro and in vivo hypoglycemic properties [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Recently, Musanga cecropioides (Mu) leaves or stem bark extracts have shown an antidiabetic potential [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Nutraceuticals: Transformation of Conventional Foods into Health Promoters/Disease Preventers and Safety Considerations

“…Several models have been developed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and toxicity of nutraceutical products and their active ingredients. Bioactive ingredients present in nutraceuticals have exhibited diverse pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, sedative, hypnotic, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and adaptogenic attributes [ 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 ]. Subsequently, these products were applied and their efficiency appraised using in vitro, in vivo, in silico, high-throughput in vitro, and omics technology-reliant assays [ 224 ].…”

Safety effect of fractions from methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on reproduction in male wistar rats

“…However, its phenolics constituents such as flavonoids have been reported to possess great free radical scavenging property and therefore responsible for most of its antioxidant effects [41]. These phenolics have also been reported to be highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude methanolic extract [42]. They are principally important because, even at low concentrations, they retained their roles at scavenging free radicals that may accelerate oxidative cellular damage via membrane or tissue protein injury, degradation of vital cellular enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism imbalance and modification of the cells’ genetic material [43].…”