Toxicity and mutagenicity of exhaust from compressed natural gas: Could this be a clean solution for megacities with mixed-traffic conditions?

Ágarwal, Avinash Kumar; Ateeq, Bushra; Gupta, Tarun; Singh, Akhilendra Pratap; Pandey, Swaroop Kumar; Sharma, Nikhil; Agarwal, Rashmi A.; Gupta, Neeraj; Sharma, Hemant; Jain, Ayush; Shukla, Pravesh Chandra

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.028

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mutagenicity results from microAmes test showed also low mutagenic potential. Similarly, low toxicity of the CNG exhaust PM has been observed in multiple previous studies [7,49,58].…”

Section: Cngsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Moreover, effects of alternative fuels, such as ethanol and natural gas to vehicle emissions, air quality, and health are studied insufficiently. So far studies have shown that compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled cars equipped with three-way catalyst (TWC) result to very low particle number emissions [1], and PM emissions from CNG fuelled cars have been associated with lower concentrations of PMbound carcinogenic PAHs, compared to gasoline and diesel cars [7]. Additionally, the higher ethanol blend in gasoline has been detected to result in lower PM emissions in exhaust gases with less toxicologically active PAH compounds [40,71], which have also been observed at sub-freezing ambient temperatures [2,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emissions from road traffic are under constant discussion since they pose a major threat to human health despite the increasingly strict emission targets and regulations. Although the new passenger car regulations have been very effective in reducing the particulate matter (PM) emissions, the aged car fleet in some EU countries remains a substantial source of PM emissions. Moreover, toxicity of PM emissions from multiple new types of biobased fuels remain uncertain and different driving conditions such as the sub-zero running temperature has been shown to affect the emissions. Overall, the current literature and experimental knowledge on the toxicology of these PM emissions and conditions is scarce. Methods: In the present study, we show that exhaust gas PM from newly regulated passenger cars fueled by different fuels at sub-zero temperatures, induce toxicological responses in vitro. We used exhaust gas volume-based PM doses to give us better insight on the real-life exposure and included one older diesel car to estimate the effect of the new emissions regulations. Results: In cars compliant with the new regulations, gasoline (E10) displayed the highest PM concentrations and toxicological responses, while the higher ethanol blend (E85) resulted in slightly lower exhaust gas PM concentrations and notably lower toxicological responses in comparison. Engines powered by modern diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) yielded the lowest PM concentrations and toxicological responses. Conclusions: The present study shows that toxicity of the exhaust gas PM varies depending on the fuels used. Additionally, concentration and toxicity of PM from an older diesel car were vastly higher, compared to contemporary vehicles, indicating the beneficial effects of the new emissions regulations.

show abstract

“…Mutagenicity results from microAmes test showed also low mutagenic potential. Similarly, low toxicity of the CNG exhaust PM has been observed in multiple previous studies [7,49,58].…”

Section: Cngsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These trace metals are represented in miligram/gram of the PM collected from the engine exhaust. PM samples contain few trace metals, for example, Cr, As, and Ni, which are considered to be “probable carcinogens” . There are three main sources of trace metals in the engine exhaust PM namely: the fuel, friction and wear generated debris from the engine components, and lubricting oil additives.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These represent typical mix of diesel engines with different emission compliances, having mixed traffic of both older and modern technology vehicles on the roads of any mega-city (such as Delhi). 30 Higher emission compliance engines and vehicles have been ignored since their population density would be quite low and so will be their environmental impact. All engine experiments were conducted at a constant representative engine speed of 2000 rpm at 50% and 100% engine loads for the sake of scientific comparison.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, PM sampling was carried out from three engines with different emission norm compliances, namely Euro-II, Euro-III, and Euro-IV (Table ). These represent typical mix of diesel engines with different emission compliances, having mixed traffic of both older and modern technology vehicles on the roads of any mega-city (such as Delhi) . Higher emission compliance engines and vehicles have been ignored since their population density would be quite low and so will be their environmental impact.…”

Section: Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Particulate Matter Emitted from Biodiesel-Fueled Engines

Ágarwal

Singh

Gupta

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel engines produce several intermediate species, which can potentially harm the human health. The concentration of these species and their health risk potential varies depending on engine technology, fuel, and engine operating condition. In this study, experiments were performed on a large number of engines having different configurations (emissions norms/fuel used), which were operated at part load/full load using B20 (20% v/v biodiesel blended with mineral diesel) and mineral diesel. Experiments included measurement of gaseous emissions, and physical, chemical, and biological characterization of exhaust particulate matter (PM). Chemical characterization of PM was carried out for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) and PM bound trace metals. The biological toxicity associated with PM was assessed using human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK 293T). The mutagenic potential of the PM was tested at three different concentrations (500, 100, and 50 μg/mL) using two different Salmonella strains, TA98 and TA100, with and without liver S9 metabolic enzyme fraction. PM samples exhibited cytotoxic effect on HEK 293T cells (IC 50 < 100 μg/mL) and there was significant potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Comparison of different engines showed that modern engines (Euro-III and Euro-IV compliant) produced relatively cleaner exhaust compared to older engines (Euro-II compliant). Biodiesel-fueled engines emitted lower number of particles compared to diesel-fueled engines. However, chemical characterization revealed that biodiesel-fueled engines exhaust PM contained several harmful PAHs and trace metals, which affected the biological activity of these PM, as reflected in the biological investigations. Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of PM from biodiesel-fueled engines were relatively higher compared to their diesel counterparts, indicating the need for exhaust gas after-treatment.

show abstract

Towards a More Sustainable Mobility

Pallonetto

2023

Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transport sector is the second most important source of emissions in the EU. It is paramount to act now towards the decarbonisation of our transport system to mitigate climate change effects. Waiting for future technological advancements to minimise the existing anthropogenic emissions and dramatically boost its sustainability is risky for human survival. The current chapter highlights how the path towards a sustainable transport system is a whole stakeholders’ effort involving the mass deployment of available technology, changing user behaviours, data-driven legislation, and researching and developing future disruptive technologies. The author analyses and classifies the available data on various transport modals and assesses the impact of the technologies and policy measures in terms of potential reduction of carbon emissions, challenges, and opportunities. It also exemplifies outstanding test settings across the world on how already available technologies have contributed to the development of a lower-carbon transport setting. The chapter considers developing countries’ economic and infrastructural challenges in upgrading to a low-carbon transport system and the lack of data-driven decisions and stakeholders’ engagement measures in addressing the sector sustainability challenges. It also emphasised how a sustainable transport system should lay the foundation on data harmonisation and interoperability to accelerate innovation and promote a fast route for deploying new and more effective policies.

show abstract

Toxicity and mutagenicity of exhaust from compressed natural gas: Could this be a clean solution for megacities with mixed-traffic conditions?

Cited by 36 publications

References 63 publications

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

Mutagenicity and Cytotoxicity of Particulate Matter Emitted from Biodiesel-Fueled Engines

Towards a More Sustainable Mobility

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About