Toxicity and Mechanisms of Engineered Nanoparticles in Animals with Established Allergic Asthma

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that is highly sensitive to environmental pollutants, including engineered nanoparticles (NPs). Exposure to NPs has become a growing concern for human health, especially for susceptible populations. Toxicological studies have demonstrated strong associations between ubiquitous NPs and allergic asthma. In this review, we analyze articles that focus on adverse health effects induced by NPs in animal models of allergic asthma to highlight their critical role in asthma. We also integrate potential mechanisms that could stimulate and aggravate asthma by NPs. The toxic effects of NPs are influenced by their physicochemical properties, exposure dose, duration, route, as well as the exposure order between NPs and allergens. The toxic mechanisms involve oxidative stress, various inflammasomes, antigen presenting cells, immune cells, and signaling pathways. We suggest that future research should concentrate on establishing standardized models, exploring mechanistic insights at the molecular level, assessing the combined effects of binary exposures, and determining safe exposure levels of NPs. This work provides concrete evidence of the hazards posed by NPs in animals with compromised respiratory health and supports the modifying role of NPs exposure in allergic asthma.

Nanomaterials Modulating the Fate of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Involved in Oral Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

“… 197 , 198 In addition to possible cellular toxicity, nanomaterials have some potential risk in inducing and influencing disease development, with some studies suggesting that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may accelerate the progression of asthma through mechanisms such as altered oxidative stress, activation or inhibition of inflammatory vesicles, and interactions with antigen-presenting cells, and exacerbate such effects when co-exposed with other risk factors. 199 Despite these drawbacks, nano bioactive materials have a place in oral and maxillofacial prosthetics due to their unique advantages. However, as a practical matter, the high cost of nanomaterials and the long production cycle are challenges that need to be overcome in social medicine.…”