Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans

Costa, Max; Klein, Catherine B.

doi:10.1080/10408440500534032

Cited by 755 publications

(388 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Po narażeniu organizmu na działanie Cr obserwuje się również spadek liczby białych krwinek, a co za tym idzie -spadek odporności (103). Wykazano, że chrom (III) może także powodować zmiany i mutacje w DNA (26,83). Zdolność do uszkodzenia chromosomów przez Cr (III) obserwowano jedynie przy bardzo wysokich dawkach, jednak w licznych badaniach przeprowadzonych na wyizolowanym DNA wykazano, że to chrom Cr (III) wykazuje ponad 10-krotnie silniejsze działanie mutagenne niż chrom Cr (VI), dlatego też bezpośrednie działanie mutagenne przypisuje się formie Cr (III) (27,91).…”

Section: Chrom W Badaniach Na Zwierzętach I Ludziachunclassified

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

Kosla¹,

Lasocka²,

Skibniewska³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Trivalent chromium is considered an essential element in the nutrition of both animals and humans. Animal studies confirm many beneficial effects of organic and inorganic chromium compounds on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism in the body. Glucose tolerance factor (GTF) has been demonstrated to involve an active form of trivalent chromium, which sustains normal glucose metabolism. Cr(III) compounds form enzymes and ribonucleic acids, accelerate blood clotting and increase β-glucuronidase activity. Chromium also participates in antioxidant processes, in the synthesis of RNA and DNA and in the immune response, as well as affects secretion of hormones and some vitamins. It has been demonstrated that chromium improves lean body mass in animals, increases growth rate and feed conversion and improves feed intake and energy efficiency. Organic chromium reduces mortality and improves animal reproduction parameters. It also enhances immunity and strengthens response to preventive vaccination. It has been noted in many animal species that a diet low in chromium leads to deficiency symptoms, such as reduced feed intake, lower weight gains, reproductive disorders and increased lipid levels. Chromium deficiency can also result from stress. Moderate chromium deficiency is a risk factor of ischemic heart disease with myocardial infarction. Such a condition may pose a great risk of coronary artery disease. Dietary chromium requirement of an animal body is probably 300 μg Cr/kg d.w. of feed, which is usually satisfied by the ration provided. The highest concentration of chromium is found in the hair, skin and teeth, followed by the liver, kidneys, spleen, and slightly lower in the heart, muscles, pancreas, lungs, bones and brain. Chromium absorption rates in the human intestine range between 0.5 and 2% of the daily intake of inorganic Cr forms, and from 25 to 30% of the element ingested as organic complexes. Clinical studies show that the kinetics of chromium excretion from the system are complex and can be described by a multi-range model, the half-life ranging from 13 min to 192 days. Dietary chromium nanocomposite supplementation (CrNano) used in pigs nutrition has significantly increased Cr content in the blood, longissimus muscle, heart, liver, kidneys, jejunum and ileum. Chromium nanocomposite supplementation acts more effectively on the tissues and, as a consequence, increases the accumulation of the element. .

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Section: Chrom W Badaniach Na Zwierzętach I Ludziachunclassified

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

Kosla¹,

Lasocka²,

Skibniewska³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…Bu ağır metallerin toksisitesinde akciğer, deri ve gastrointestinal sistem etkilenmektedir (41)(42)(43)(44). Bu metallerin kemik üzerine toksik etkileri üzerine yeterince veri bulunmamaktadır.…”

Section: Diğer Ağır Metallerunclassified

Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Bone Tissue

Akbal¹,

Reşorlu²,

Savaş³

2015

Tod

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Ağır metaller doğada yaygın olarak bulunur. Çevresel ve mesleki nedenlerle ağır metallere maruz kalındığı zaman çeşitli sistemlerde toksik etkiler ortaya çıkabilir. Ağır metallere akut ve kronik maruziyette farklı klinik bulgular ortaya çıkar. Birçok ağır metalin primer doku organı kemiktir ve kronik maruziyette kemik dokuda toksik etkiler oluşturur. Bu makalede maruziyetine sık rastlanan ağır metallerin kemik üzerine toksik etkilerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlandı. (

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“…Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are well established human carcinogens [78][79][80]. The toxic and carcinogenic properties of hexavalent chromium originate from its chemical reactivity and cellular uptake.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of histone methylation and gene expression by oxidative stress, hypoxia and metals

Costa¹

2011

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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The harmful consequences of carcinogenic metals, such as nickel, arsenic and chromium, are thought to be in part due to their ability to induce oxidative stress. The ubiquity of oxidative stress in biological systems has made it a fairly obvious culprit in causing cellular damage and/or development of disease. However, the full extent of oxidative stress-induced damage is not limited to its direct effects on cellular components, such as lipids, proteins and DNA, but may extend to its ability to alter gene expression. Gene expression regulation is an important component of cellular and/or tissue homeostasis, and its alteration can have detrimental consequences. Therefore, a growing amount of interest is being paid to understanding how oxidative stress can influence gene expression. Oxidative stress-induced epigenetic dysregulation in the form of posttranslational histone modifications, in particular, is a popular topic of research. This review will therefore primarily focus on discussing the role of oxidative stress and hypoxia on histone methylation and/or gene expression alterations. The sources of oxidative stress discussed here are carcinogenic metals, such as, nickel, arsenic and chromium.

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Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds in Humans

Cited by 755 publications

References 58 publications

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

Trivalent chromium (CrIII) as a trace element essential for animals and humans

Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Bone Tissue

The control of histone methylation and gene expression by oxidative stress, hypoxia and metals

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