Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Cadmium and Copper in Artemia Urmiana Nauplii

Abstract

Background: Artemia urmiana are small crustaceans that because of its non-selective filter feeder pattern potentially may absorb high level of heavy metals through their living environment. In this study, the effects of different levels of cadmium and copper on survival, catalase activity and metals bioconcentration rates in A. urmiana nauplii have been investigated. Methods:The research was carried out in February 2012 at University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.First experiment was conducted in nine concentrations with six replication, then LC 50 and probable interactions between experimental metals were evaluated. In the second experiment, concentrations of metals absorbed by Artemia and catalase activity were measured based on the acute toxicity indices, including NOEC, LOEC and LC 50 at individual and mixed concentrations. Results:The toxicity of copper sulphate (LC 50 = 29.87) was 2.5 times greater than cadmium chloride (LC 50 =79.08) and the toxicity interaction between cadmium and copper was synergistic. The rate of copper uptake in Artemia was higher than cadmium and increased concentration of heavy metals significantly decreased the bioconcentration factor. Comparison of mixed and individual concentrations showed that cadmium significantly decreased copper uptake, while it seems that cadmium bioconcentration was improved consequently. Biochemical analysis showed that the catalase activity was affected undesirably in different individual and mixed concentrations; however, these changes were not significant. Conclusion:A. urmiana nauplia seems to be highly resistant toward cadmium and copper in their culture medium and demonstrated excessive potential for uptake of heavy metals from their rearing environment.

Oxidative stress and apoptotic effects of copper and cadmium in the zebrafish liver cell line ZFL

“…This finding contrasted with that in whole zebrafish and other species [ 56 ]. Previous studies have reported the following LC 50 values of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ for various species: adult zebrafish, 0.99 μM and 86.1 μM (96-h exposure) [ 57 , 53 ]; kutum ( Rutilus frisii kutum ) fingerlings, 11.6 μM and 211 μM (24-h exposure) [ 58 ]; Artemia urmiana , 470 μM and 703 μM (24-h exposure) [ 59 ]; Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae), 0.852 μM and 12.8 μM (24-h exposure) [ 60 ]; and Poecilia reticulata (guppy) (Poeciliidae), 5.49 μM and 73.0 μM (24-h exposure) [ 60 ], respectively. The higher Cu 2+ tolerance compared with Cd 2+ tolerance found in ZFL was probably because ZFL is a cell line of liver origin, an organ responsible for Cu 2+ elimination.…”

Promotion of cadmium uptake and cadmium-induced toxicity by the copper transporter CTR1 in HepG2 and ZFL cells

“…Cd did not affect the Cu accumulation in zebrafish’s gills [ 28 ]. However, Cd could inhibit on Cu absorption in Artemia Urmiana Nauplii [ 44 ].…”

Influence of feeding and organism age on the acute toxicity of sodium bromide to Artemia salina

“…have long been utilized as a convenient bioassay organism because of their availability as cysts, which can easily be stored and hatched out when the need arises. Artemia have been used to assess the toxicity of a wide variety of materials including fungal toxins (Harwig and Scott 1971), organophosphorus insecticides (Sánchez-Fortún et al 1996), chlorinated solvents (Sánchez-Fortún et al 1997), agricultural antibiotics (Migliore et al 1997), phytogenic antibiotics (Kamba and Hasan 2010), cyanobacterial extract (Jaki et al 1999), dental materials (Pelka et al 2000;Milhem et al 2008), marinederived pharmaceuticals (Carballo et al 2002), and trace metals (Brix et al 2003;Kokkali et al 2011;Mohiseni et al 2017). In this study, the in uence of pre-test feeding and initial organism age on the response of Artemia salina to NaBr was evaluated, providing quantitative data on not only the aquatic toxicity of NaBr to a saltwater crustacean, but also for an optimal test design that can be used to minimize the impacts of factors that could confound data interpretation.…”