Toxicity and bioaccumulation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, hexachloronorbornadiene and heptachloronorbornene in larval and early juvenile fathead minnows,Pimephales promelas

Spehar, Robert L.; Veith, Gilman D.; DeFoe, David L.; Bergstedt, Barbara V.

doi:10.1007/bf01685472

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to EPI Suite, the calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) is equal to 3606 while with EUSES, a BCF of 3800 was estimated; 26 however, experiments carried out by Podowski and colleagues 27 have shown that this chemical is hardly bioconcentrated in fish, likely due to biotransformation. According to Spehar and co-workers, 28 the BCF of hexachlorocyclopentadiene for fathead minnow is 11. Thus, predicting internal concentrations of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, without taking its biotransformation into account, causes overestimation by TK models.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Concentrations of Organic Chemicals in Fish by Using Toxicokinetic Models

Stadnicka

Schirmer

Ashauer

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

117

110

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Quantification of chemical toxicity continues to be generally based on measured external concentrations. Yet, internal chemical concentrations have been suggested to be a more suitable parameter. To better understand the relationship between the external and internal concentrations of chemicals in fish, and to quantify internal concentrations, we compared three toxicokinetic (TK) models with each other and with literature data of measured concentrations of 39 chemicals. Two one-compartment models, together with the physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model, in which we improved the treatment of lipids, were used to predict concentrations of organic chemicals in two fish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). All models predicted the measured internal concentrations in fish within 1 order of magnitude for at least 68% of the chemicals. Furthermore, the PBTK model outperformed the one-compartment models with respect to simulating chemical concentrations in the whole body (at least 88% of internal concentrations were predicted within 1 order of magnitude using the PBTK model). All the models can be used to predict concentrations in different fish species without additional experiments. However, further development of TK models is required for polar, ionizable, and easily biotransformed compounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Concentrations of Organic Chemicals in Fish by Using Toxicokinetic Models

Stadnicka

Schirmer

Ashauer

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

117

110

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“…Under experimental conditions HEX can produce sublethal toxicity or death when ad-ministered to animals by various routes of administration (Lawrence and Dorough, 198 1;Mehendale, 1977;Patty, 1963;Spehar et al, 1979;Treon et al, 1955). Although the individual sequelae associated with HEX intoxication vary with the route of administration, the toxicant generally produces necrotizing lesions at sites of direct contact, and also diffuse degenerative lesions in most organs to which the parent compound or metabolites are delivered by the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimated 2.3 X IO7 kg of HEX are produced annually (Lu et al, 1975) for use in the manufacture of various cyclodiene insecticides and of flame retardants synthesized from chlorendic acid and anhydride. The chemical poses a potential industrial and environmental hazard, and accidental poisoning of humans and other animals has been reported (Kominsky et al, 1980;Lawrence and Dorough, 198 1;Spehar et al, 1979). Nevertheless, although the hu-man toxicity has been described (Kominsky et al, 1980) and animal studies of HEX intoxication have been published (Patty, 1963;Treon et al, 1955;Spehar et al, 1979), little is known about the mechanisms by which the agent produces its deleterious actions.…”

Section: Hexachlorocyclopentadienementioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory effects of hexachlorocyclopentadiene on intact rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and on oxidative phosphorylation of isolated trout heart mitochondria

Sinhaseni

DʼAlecy

Hartung

et al. 1983

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Acclimated normal rainbow trout were exposed to 130 ppb hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX) in a flow-through well water circuit which was designed to permit measurements of oxygen consumption by the fish. Compared to preHEX values, HEX increased oxygen consumption rates by 186 +/- 24% (means +/- SEM), with maximum oxygen consumption rates being reached in approximately 84 min after HEX exposure. Oxygen consumption subsequently decreased, and all HEX-exposed fish died within 6.5 hr of exposure. Fish exposed to HEX-free vehicle (acetone) showed no changes of oxygen consumption. When added to normal isolated trout heart mitochondria, HEX appeared to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, with calculated respiratory control ratios being decreased 50% from control values at a HEX concentration of 0.41 microM. We postulate that one important mechanism of HEX intoxication in the intact animal may be due to increased oxygen consumption and impaired oxidative ATP synthesis due to the mitochondrial uncoupling action of the toxicant.

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A new fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) subchronic toxicity test

Norberg

Mount

1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The most commonly used test for evaluating the toxicity of effluents to fish and invertebrates has been the acute lethality test. However, effluents frequently are not acutely toxic, and so assessing the sublethal effects on fish and invertebrates is important. Described herein is a rapid method to estimate the chronic toxicity of effluents to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Tests are initiated using newly hatched minnow larvae and are run for 7 d under static‐renewal conditions. It is a cost‐effective, simple, short‐term toxicity test, and survival and growth are the measures of effects. Approximately 70 tests using this technique have been run with various types of effluents. Included in this article are results from representative effluent tests and also from tests conducted using Dursban, zinc and copper. The results indicate that this subchronic toxicity test gives a good estimate of chronic toxicity.

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Toxicity and bioaccumulation of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, hexachloronorbornadiene and heptachloronorbornene in larval and early juvenile fathead minnows,Pimephales promelas

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Predicting Concentrations of Organic Chemicals in Fish by Using Toxicokinetic Models

Predicting Concentrations of Organic Chemicals in Fish by Using Toxicokinetic Models

Respiratory effects of hexachlorocyclopentadiene on intact rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and on oxidative phosphorylation of isolated trout heart mitochondria

A new fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) subchronic toxicity test

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