Toxic Waste Management in Malaysia

A discussion of UK commercial property service charges

“…If interim payments have been made, and they exceed the actual expenditure, the fi nal ' charge ' will be a credit. If the leases in a block do not provide for interim payments, this can present a real diffi culty for all concerned ( Singh, 1996 ).…”

“…If not, it will cost the landlord to provide the services, which may make him reluctant to fulfi l his obligations. Generally, in return for the ability to levy a service charge, the landlord is bound by an obligation under the lease to provide the services ( Singh, 1996 ). It is noted by Singh (1996) that the headings of services in the provision of commercial services charges are as highlighted in Table 1 .…”

“…Generally, in return for the ability to levy a service charge, the landlord is bound by an obligation under the lease to provide the services ( Singh, 1996 ). It is noted by Singh (1996) that the headings of services in the provision of commercial services charges are as highlighted in Table 1 . Moran (2007) stated that the services provided will include (depending on the nature of the premises) repairing, decorating and maintaining retained parts, plants and machinery; heating, air conditioning and lighting of retained parts; fi re precautions and equipment; refuse collection; cleaning; garden and landscape maintenance; services to retained parts (water, gas, electricity, toilets); maintaining structural parts of the premises boundary features; signage; payment of outgoings for retained parts; legal and other professional fees; employment of staff to provide security; reception; management and administration; CCTV systems; and promotional activities (shopping centres only).…”

“…The landlord ' s covenant in the lease is specifi ed in the later segment in the schedule of service charges, with a focus on the list of services provided, service charges apportionment, schedule of payments and penalty on late payments ( McGee, 1984 ). Singh (1996) pointed out that the lease will also dictate the format of the charge. It will usually give the dates of the service charge period.…”

“…He also mentioned that this technique has the tendency to create undue administrative and accounting diffi culties for the reimbursement of charges paid if the tenants successfully appeal the assessment made by the valuation offi ce. In addition, the determination of service charges has become more complicated in the event of property revaluation and property value, and the determination of the rates can change outside the control of the interested parties ( Singh, 1996 andEdward andKrendel, 2007 ). The disadvantages of using this method have surpassed its benefi ts for both landlords and tenants.…”