Toxic-Shock Syndrome Associated With Phage-Group-I Staphylococci

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Stayphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bioterrorism

“…Investigations showed that this TSS was the result of highly absorbent tampons, which became contaminated with S. aureus. A toxin, tsst-1, was isolated from the bacteria cultured from the contaminated tampon and shown to be similar to that discovered by Todd et al (1978). The super absorbent tampons were found to introduce oxygen into the anaerobic environment of the vagina which facilitated the growth of S. aureus and release of TSST-1.…”

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Finland

“…TSS, caused by TSST-1, is a potentially fatal condition, most commonly associated with the use of highly absorbent tampons, but also known in non-invasive S. aureus infections in children. The symptoms include high fever, rash, desquamation of skin one to two weeks after onset, hypotension, and involvement of multiple organ systems (63,247,268) Serious S. aureus infections include osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, acute endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis, cerebritis, meningitis, scalded skin syndrome, and sterile site abscesses (297). S. aureus pneumonia is rare in a community setting, but fairly common in a hospital setting, especially as a consequence of influenza in elderly patients (154).…”

Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

“…The syndrome had already been recognized [4] but strict criteria were not established until the outbreak. Although the outbreak appeared to be associated with menstruation, non-menstrual TSS was accepted [5].…”