Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Finland

Salmenlinna, Saara; Lyytikäinen, Outi; Kotilainen, Pirkko; R, Scotford; Siren, E.; Vuopio‐Varkila, Jaana

doi:10.1007/s100960050438

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 283 publications

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“…The patients infected with these strains did not have the typical risk factors for MRSA. Other investigators 3,4 have reported similar rates for the prevalence of CA-MRSA, from 12% to 21%.…”

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confidence: 61%

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Epidural Abscess With Bacteremia and Multiple Lung Abscesses: Case Report

Bruns

Sood

2009

American Journal of Critical Care

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A systemic infection due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in a hospital-naive 17-year-old girl with no history of soft-tissue infection. Although the initial signs and symptoms were indolent, systemic manifestations occurred, including extensive lung parenchymal damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The patient required long-term mechanical ventilation and was given linezolid for 8 weeks. Blood cultures eventually became negative for the staphylococci, and the patient was discharged to a rehabilitation facility. A probable source of the infection was the patient's selfcutting and self-piercing.

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confidence: 61%

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Epidural Abscess With Bacteremia and Multiple Lung Abscesses: Case Report

Bruns

Sood

2009

American Journal of Critical Care

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“…As a consequence, earlier and more precise identification of the pathogens most frequently associated with nosocomial infection is essential (28). Molecular typing, complemented by conventional methods, provides a sensitive and specific approach for outbreak tracking, and its usefulness in nosocomial epidemiology is very well documented (3,6,22,23,24,25,30,40,44,50,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemic Clone in Córdoba, Argentina, Involved in Nosocomial Infections

et al. 2002

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Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are increasingly a main health concern worldwide for hospitalized patients. In addition, the prevalence of community-acquired infection has risen continuously during the last few years. Some MRSA clones spread easier than others within the hospital environment and therefore are frequently implicated in outbreaks. Thus, the spread of a unique epidemic multiresistant clone, the so-called South American clone, is the main cause of nosocomial infections produced by this bacterium in Brazil and in some regions of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. In the present work we describe the identification of a novel clone of MRSA that is involved in nosocomial infections and that shows a prevalence as high as that for the South American clone. A total of 53 consecutive single-patient MRSA isolates were recovered during a 3-month period (May to July 1999) from six different hospitals (955 beds) in Córdoba. The isolates were initially typed according the antibiotic resistance and phage susceptibility patterns, followed by genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE analysis of the 53 MRSA isolates revealed six major types (A to F) and 25 subtypes. The B-type DNA pattern was indistinguishable from that of the South American epidemic clone observed in 34% of the isolates. A novel highly prevalent clone, showing the A-type DNA pattern and representing 38% of the isolates, was also identified. Moreover, the most frequent subtype of the A clonal family triggered an outbreak in a hospital 2 months later, further confirming its epidemic feature.

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“…Chromosomal DNA was prepared from the isolates and cleaved with SmaI (Boehringer, Mannheim, Germany) as described earlier (10). The DNA restriction fragments were separated according to the procedure described by Murchan et al (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genotype Affects the Manifestation and Persistence of BovineStaphylococcus aureusIntramammary Infection

et al. 2005

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Two-hundred seventeen Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 116 dairy cows with intramammary infections were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to study the association between symptom severity, persistence of infection, and bacterial genotype. Among five main genotypes infecting 90% of the cows, one was associated with severe clinical symptoms but reduced persistence.Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bovine intramammary infection (IMI) worldwide. It is contagious and generally responds poorly to treatment. However, according to previous studies, virulence of this mastitis pathogen differs among strains (2,3,5,11,12). Those studies used a variety of methods of analysis based on phenotype and genotype, which makes comparisons difficult. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which is considered the best standard typing method, has been little used to investigate the possible associations between S. aureus genotypes and manifestation of bovine IMI (7,12). Establishing a link between strain types and their pathogenity would help to improve treatment and prevention of staphylococcal mastitis. The objective of our study was to investigate the genetic relationships among S. aureus strains from bovine IMI, using PFGE, and to examine whether the manifestation and persistence of S. aureus IMI were genotype dependent.The study material included the history, clinical data, and bacterial isolates of 116 dairy cows (134 mastitic mammary quarters) requiring veterinary care due to S. aureus IMI in 1993 to 1997 in 70 herds located in southern Finland, in the practice area of the ambulatory clinic of the University of Helsinki. Only the first IMI episode of the same cow was included. The attending veterinarians of the clinic visited the farm, recorded the clinical symptoms of the cow, and collected quarter milk samples by routine methods (4). A cell lysosomeoriginated indicator for udder inflammation, N-acetyl-␤-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity, was determined from the milk samples by a fluorogenic method (6). Gram-, catalase-, and coagulase-positive cocci were confirmed as S. aureus by PCR amplification of the thermonuclease (nuc) gene as described previously (1). Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cloxacillin, and penicillin G was tested by the disk diffusion method (9), and production of ␤-lactamase was determined from all isolates by using nitrocefin (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). The isolates were preserved at Ϫ70°C in Protect Bacterial Preservers (Technical Service Consultants Limited, Heywood, United Kingdom) to await further studies.The cows were treated for 5 days with penicillin G for IMIs caused by ␤-lactamase-negative S. aureus strains (n ϭ 69) or with amoxicillin-clavulanate (n ϭ 28) or cloxacillin (n ϭ 19) for IMIs caused by ␤-lactamase-positive strains. The cows were revisited 2 and 4 weeks posttreatment for follow-up sampling and clinical examination. Isolated S. aureus strains were preserved for further studies. The symptoms of the cow were graded as sub...

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Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Finland

Cited by 66 publications

References 283 publications

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Epidural Abscess With Bacteremia and Multiple Lung Abscesses: Case Report

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Epidural Abscess With Bacteremia and Multiple Lung Abscesses: Case Report

Identification of a Novel Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemic Clone in Córdoba, Argentina, Involved in Nosocomial Infections

Bacterial Genotype Affects the Manifestation and Persistence of BovineStaphylococcus aureusIntramammary Infection

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