Toxic Shock Syndrome and Lysogeny in
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Schutzer, Steven E.; Fischetti, Vincent A.; Zabriskie, John B.

doi:10.1126/science.6220467

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Toxic-shock syndrome refers to a highly invasive infection of deep tissues, and can be correlated with production of bacterial super-antigens (e.g., staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins) 183 , 184 . Before Tang et al 18 formally proposed that SS2 is another bacterial non-GAS agent responsible for STSLS, we had been aware that Staphylococcus 185 , 186 and Streptococcus pyogenes , a group A streptococcus (GAS) 183 , 184 are both leading pathogens with a capability of causing STSLS. The clinical criteria for diagnosis of STSLS disease can be described as follows: (1) clear erythematous blanching rash (Fig.…”

Section: Zoonotic Potential Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suisinfection

et al. 2014

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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a family of pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains that represents a primary health problem in the swine industry worldwide. S. suis is also an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe human infections clinically featuring with varied diseases/syndromes (such as meningitis, septicemia, and arthritis). Over the past few decades, continued efforts have made significant progress toward better understanding this zoonotic infectious entity, contributing in part to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying its high pathogenicity. This review is aimed at presenting an updated overview of this pathogen from the perspective of molecular epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and typing, virulence mechanism, and protective antigens contributing to its zoonosis.

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Section: Zoonotic Potential Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suisinfection

et al. 2014

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“…For example, data from RFLP analysis of the tst gene have been interpreted as evidence that strains recovered from cases of TSS represent more than one clonal lineage (27,28), but the actual number of phylogenetic lines of S. aureus expressing TSST-1 is unknown. And controversy exists as to whether the TSST-1 structural gene is horizontally transferable in natural populations (29,30). Because it has recently been recognized that many strains of S. aureus cultured from animal hosts synthesize TSST-1 (31), it is important to assess the amount of cross-infection occurring between host populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single clone of Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of cases of toxic shock syndrome.

Musser

Schlievert

Chow

et al. 1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

167

112

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Genetic relationships among 315 isolates of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus expressing toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) recovered primarily from humans with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in five countries on two continents were determined by analyzing electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at 20 chromosomal enzyme loci. Forty-nine distinctive electrophoretic types (ETs), representing multilocus enzyme genotypes, were identified. Cluster analysis of the ETs revealed two major phylogenetic divisions separated at a genetic distance of 0.35 and seven branches diverging from one another at distances .0.20. A single clone (ET 41) accounted for 88% of cases of TSS with a female urogenital focus and 53 % of TSS cases involving nonurogenital (predominantly wound) infections. With few exceptions, strains representing different phylogenetic lines had characteristic TSST-1 gene (tst) restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns obtained by digestion of genomic DNA with Cla I. Strains recovered from ovine and bovine hosts with mastitis were genotypically distinct from the major human TSS clone. The expression of TSST-1 in cell lineages representing the total breadth of multilocus genotypic diversity in the species S. aureus as a whole is interpreted as evidence that the TSST-1 gene is evolutionarily old. The recovery of a single clone from the majority of individuals afflicted with TSS having a urogenital focus and from the genital tract of a large proportion of asymptomatic female carriers strongly suggests that this clone is especially well adapted for colonization of these anatomic sites.

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“…One report suggested that most TSS S. au'reus strains harbor prophages with common plating characteristics and suggested that the toxins involved in TSS may be transmitted by lysogenic conversion (79). However, others demonstrated that the gene controlling TST production was not transferred by lysogeny (45).…”

Section: Production Of Tstmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Disease Spectrum, Epidemiology, and Etiology of Toxic-Shock Syndrome

Chesney¹,

Bergdoll²,

Davis³

et al. 1984

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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From this composite picture of the history and recent developments related to TSS, several points are clear. TSS is not a new disease, and TST-producing strains of S. aureus are not new. What is new is the recent dramatic increase of this disease in young women who use tampons during menses and who lack antibody to TST. What is also new is the recognition that the disease commonly recurs but only in menstrually associated cases. What remains to be determined are the precise role of tampons, the factors leading to toxin induction, and the mechanism of action of this potent toxin. In order to better determine what these factors and mechanism of action are, and to determine if the TST marker protein is in fact the critical toxin, a reliable animal model is badly needed. Finally, a reliable laboratory test to confirm the clinical diagnosis is another high-priority need. The further unraveling of the secrets of this complex disease may greatly enhance our understanding of the disease associated with this toxin, of the intricacies of toxin production by other bacteria, and of the role that exogenous cofactors play in disease processes.

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Toxic Shock Syndrome and Lysogeny in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Streptococcus suisinfection

Streptococcus suisinfection

A single clone of Staphylococcus aureus causes the majority of cases of toxic shock syndrome.

The Disease Spectrum, Epidemiology, and Etiology of Toxic-Shock Syndrome

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