Toxic properties of compounds related to safrole

Hagan, Ernest C.; Jenner, P; Jones, William I.; Fitzhugh, O. Garth; Long, Eleanor L.; Brouwer, J.G.; Webb, Willis K.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(65)90069-4

Cited by 110 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…At doses of 750 mg/kg bw per day for 19 days, 9/10 animals died; at 500 mg/kg bw per day, 1/10 animals died after 46 days; at 250 mg/kg bw per day, no animals died within 34 days, and the following effects were observed: liver hypertrophy with focal necrosis plus slight fibrosis, fatty infiltration (steatosis) and bile duct proliferation, along with adrenal enlargement with fatty infiltration (Hagan et al, 1965).…”

Section: (I) Ratsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These values indicate that the acute toxicity of methoxy-and methylenedioxy-substituted allylbenzenes after oral intake is low Taylor et al, 1964;Hagan et al, 1965;Bär & Griepentrog, 1967;Keating, 1972;Moreno, 1972;Beroza et al, 1975). chemistry changes were reported in females.…”

Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical chemistry evaluation revealed increased serum phosphate and AST in the highdose males and increased mean serum creatinine in all treated males. No significant Jenner et al (1964) 1789 Estragole Rat; M, F 1820 Jenner et al (1964) 1789 Estragole Rat; M, F 1820 Taylor et al (1964) 1789 Estragole Rat; M 1230 Moreno (1972) 1790 Methyl eugenol Rat; M, F 1560 Jenner et al (1964) 1790 Methyl eugenol Rat; NR 810 Keating (1972) 1790 Methyl eugenol Rat; NR 1560 Bär & Griepentrog (1967) 1790 Methyl eugenol Rat; M, F 1179 Beroza et al (1975) 1792 Safrole Mouse; NR 2350 Jenner et al (1964) 1792 Safrole Rat; M, F 1950M, F Jenner et al (1964 1792 Safrole Rat; NR 1950 Bär & Griepentrog (1967) 1792 Safrole Mouse; M, F 2350 Hagan et al (1965) 1792 Safrole Rat; M, F 1950 Hagan et al (1965) F, female; M, male; NR, not reported. Lipsky et al (1981aLipsky et al ( , 1981bLipsky et al ( , 1981c …”

Section: Short-term Studies Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

Sagert¹

2008

Encyclopedia of Global Health

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Section: (I) Ratsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Short-term Studies Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

Sagert¹

2008

Encyclopedia of Global Health

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“…The acute toxicity of methylenedioxybenzene derivatives in mammals is relatively low (Table 1) (7)(8)(9). For rats, the LD50 for piperonyl butoxide is about 10 g/kg and about 15 g/lkg for propyl isome (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compounds also seem to be relatively innocuous on a chronic basis. Toxicity aDataofSarles (7) and Hagen (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists as potential human health hazards.

Franklin¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

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The effects of methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists on human health arise, not from their intrinsic toxicity which is relatively low, but from their dual effect on the oxidative detoxication or intoxication processes of the body. They are able to inhibit these reactions by two mechanisms. They are substrates for mixed function oxidation and, thus, compete with other xenobiotics for available enzyme, and an intermediate in their metabolism is able to bind with cytochrome P-450 to form an inactive complex which absorbs maximally at 455 nm. In addition, they are able to activate xenobiotic metabolism by induction (the increased synthesis and retention) of microsomal oxidative enzymes. Evidence for these effects is presented, including spectroscopic and enzyme kinetic data. Correlations with existing in vivo observations are outlined. The inhibition and induction of cytochrome P-450, the central enzyme in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thus provides the focus for consideration of methylenedioxyphenyl synergists as potential hazards.

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Ethers

Mehlman

2024

Patty's Toxicology

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Naturally occurring ethers may be constituents of essential oils and may be extracted from these sources. Although some ethers may appear naturally, they may be prepared synthetically from other chemicals or other ethers. Symmetrical ethers are produced by the catalytic dehydration of their corresponding alcohols, for example, diethyl ether from ethanol. They are also obtained as by‐products from the formation of their corresponding esters or alcohols. Ethers may also be made by special synthesis procedures. Some ethers are obtained through the destructive distillation of selected hardwoods. Ethers have a wide variety of industrial uses. Their commercial value is recognized in the following industries: rubber, plastics, paints and coatings, refrigeration, medicine, dentistry, petroleum, chemical, perfume, cosmetics, toiletries, and food. The more volatile ethers have been used as liquid refrigerants, general anesthetics, commercial solvents, primers for gasoline engines, fuel additives, and rocket propellants. Other ethers have been used as alkylating agents in chemical syntheses of organic chemicals and in the manufacture of polymers. They are also used to denature alcohol. Halogenated ethers are used in the preparation of ion‐exchange resin, which is a modified polystyrene resin that is chloromethylated and then treated with a tertiary amine or with a polyamine. Ethers have wide use as commercial solvents and extractants for esters, gums, hydrocarbons, alkaloids, oils, resins, dyes, plastics, lacquers, and paints. They are used as dewaxing extractants for lubricating oils. Ethers have had limited use as cleaning and spotting agents. They are used as chemical intermediates in the manufacture of textile aids, such as dyes and resins. In the pharmaceutical industry, ethers are used as solvents, suspending agents, flavorings for oral drugs, and dental products. They are used to increase viscosity, as penetrants and wetting agents and as antioxidants and stabilizers. Ethers are used in foods as flavorings and in perfumes as fragrances. They are used as solvents for elastomers and for regenerating rubber. They have use as antiskinning agents in surface coatings and as weathering agents for paints and plastics. Ethers are also used in soaps. Ethers appear in heat transfer agents. Several industries use specific ethers for thickening, dispersing, suspending, binding, and film forming. The data presented here are arranged according to the chemical structure of the compounds. An effort has been made to place the chemicals within each group in an order that represents an increase in chain length. Even though the number of chemicals in any one group is limited, it is possible to make general, comparative statements. This corresponds with the acute toxicity data available in the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances . The oral toxicity and concentrated vapor data indicate that as the chain length increases in the symmetrical ethers, the toxicity is reduced. The inverse is true for skin penetration toxicity.

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Toxic properties of compounds related to safrole

Cited by 110 publications

References 1 publication

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)

Methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists as potential human health hazards.

Ethers

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