Methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists as potential human health hazards.

Franklin, Michael R.

doi:10.1289/ehp.761429

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…37 No human studies have examined potential reproductive and neurobehavioral effects. Because the systemic toxicity of PBO in humans is relatively low, concern for health effects could arise from its potential to interfere with P450 activity and alter the metabolism of other xenobiotic compounds, including pharmaceutical medications 38 and other pesticides. In addition, exposure to PBO has been shown to generate reactive oxygen species via metabolic…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide and Permethrin on 36-Month Neurodevelopment

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Pyrethroid insecticides and the pyrethroid synergist piperonyl butoxide are potential neurodevelopmental toxicants and have not been evaluated for developmental toxicity. In this study the effects of prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide and permethrin on neurodevelopment in children aged 36 months were examined. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:A significant inverse association was observed between prenatal exposure to piperonyl butoxide, a pyrethroid synergist, and 36-month neurodevelopment. No significant association was observed between prenatal exposure to permethrin and adverse neurodevelopment. abstract OBJECTIVE: Recent pesticide-monitoring results suggest that a shift in residential pesticide exposure from organophosphorus insecticides to pyrethroid insecticides has occurred. Pyrethroid insecticides are potential neurodevelopmental toxicants and have not been evaluated for developmental toxicity. Our objective was to explore the association between prenatal exposure to permethrin (a common pyrethroid) and piperonyl butoxide (a pyrethroid synergist) and 36-month neurodevelopment. METHODS:Participants is this study were part of a prospective cohort of black and Dominican mothers and newborns living in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We examined 36-month cognitive and motor development (using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition) as a function of permethrin levels measured in maternal and umbilical cord plasma collected on delivery and permethrin and piperonyl butoxide levels measured in personal air collected during pregnancy. All models were controlled for gender, gestational age, ethnicity, maternal education, maternal intelligence, quality of the home environment, and prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and chlorpyrifos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide and Permethrin on 36-Month Neurodevelopment

et al. 2011

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“…Alternatively, PBO, while inherently low in intrinsic toxicity, itself induces cough in these children. Mechanisms may relate to PBO’s ability to both inhibit and induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity (Franklin 1976). For example, the CYP-inhibitory effect of PBO enhanced the potency of pyrethroids by slowing their breakdown (Franklin 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to pesticide ingredient piperonyl butoxide and childhood cough in an urban cohort

Liu

Jung

Horton

et al. 2012

Environment International

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Rationale Previously we reported that airborne concentrations of cis-permethrin, but not trans-permethrin, measured during pregnancy in an inner city pediatric cohort was associated with cough by age 5. However, the effect of subsequent exposures to both permethrins during early childhood, and to piperonyl butoxide (PBO, a synergist for residential pyrethroid insecticides) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that prenatal and age 5-6 year measures of PBO and permethrins would be associated with cough at age 5-6 years in this cohort. Further, we explored the associations between these pesticides measures and wheeze, asthma, seroatopy, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Methods PBO and permethrins were measured in personal air during the third trimester of pregnancy and indoor residential air at age 5-6 years (n=224). Health outcome questionnaires were administered to the mothers of 5-6 years old children. Indoor allergen specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig) E production was measured from sera collected at age 5, and FeNO was measured at 5-6 years. The hypotheses were tested using regression models adjusting for common confounders. Results Noninfectious cough was reported among 14% of children at age 5-6 years. Measures of prenatal PBO, but not age 5-6 year PBO or permethrins, increased the odds of cough [OR (95% CI): 1.27 (1.09-1.48), p<0.01; n=217]. No significant associations were found for other measured health outcomes. Conclusions Prenatal PBO exposure was associated with childhood cough. It is unclear whether the observed effect is due mainly to PBO itself or residential pyrethroids of which PBO is an indicator.

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“…Concern for human health effects after residential exposure to PBO arises not from its intrinsic toxicity, which is relatively low (Breathnach 1998), but from its potential to interfere with P450 activity and alter the metabolism of other xenobiotic compounds, including pharmaceutical medications (Franklin 1976). Alteration of normal P450 activity in humans can impact drug elimination, leading to pharmacokinetic interactions with coadministered drugs, and may also significantly affect disease pathogenesis (Murray 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Pest Infestation Levels, Self-Reported Pesticide Use, and Permethrin Exposure during Pregnancy after the 2000–2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Restriction of Organophosphates

Williams

Rundle²,

Holmes³

et al. 2008

Environ Health Perspect

110

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BackgroundWidespread residential pesticide use throughout the United States has resulted in ubiquitous, low-level pesticide exposure. The mix of active pesticide ingredients is changing in response to 2000–2001 regulations restricting use of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the impact of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations on pest infestation levels, pesticide use, and pesticides measured in indoor air samples. METHODOLOGY: 511 pregnant women from innercity New York were enrolled between 2000 and 2006. Permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide; piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a pyrethroid synergist; chlorpyrifos; and diazinon were measured in 48-hr prenatal personal air samples. Data on pest infestation and pesticide use were collected via questionnaire.ResultsEighty-eight percent of women reported using pesticides during pregnancy; 55% reported using higher-exposure pesticide applications (spray cans, pest bombs and/or professional pesticide applicators). Self-reported pest sightings and use of higher-exposure applications increased significantly after the regulations were implemented (p < 0.001). PBO, cis-, and trans-permethrin were detected in 75, 19, and 18% of personal air samples, respectively. Detection frequencies of PBO and cis- and trans-permethrin increased significantly over time (p < 0.05 controlling for potential confounders). Levels and/or detection frequencies of these compounds were significantly higher among mothers reporting use of high exposure pesticide applications (p ≤ 0.05). Chlorpyrifos and diazinon levels decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this cohort, pest infestations, use of pesticides, and use of permethrin appear to increase after the residential restriction of organophosphorus insecticides. This is one of the first studies to document widespread residential exposure to PBO.

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Methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists as potential human health hazards.

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide and Permethrin on 36-Month Neurodevelopment

Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Piperonyl Butoxide and Permethrin on 36-Month Neurodevelopment

Prenatal exposure to pesticide ingredient piperonyl butoxide and childhood cough in an urban cohort

Changes in Pest Infestation Levels, Self-Reported Pesticide Use, and Permethrin Exposure during Pregnancy after the 2000–2001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Restriction of Organophosphates

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