Toxic potencies of metabolite(s) of non-cylindrospermopsin producing Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii isolated from temperate zone in human white cells

The multidisciplinary approach to safety and toxicity assessment of microalgae-based food supplements following clinical cases of poisoning

“…The whole-blood in vitro assay demonstrated in the present study can be a useful and reliable tool to assess the toxic potencies of natural extracts in human cells (Poniedziałek et al, 2015). Contrary to cell-line studies, it uses cells derived from healthy subjects and thus includes individual susceptibility and variability.…”

“…lymphocytes), it may more closely reflect the in vivo situation. It also requires lower blood volumes and shorter procedures (Deenadayalan et al, 2013;Poniedziałek et al, 2015). Animal testing, however useful in toxicity evaluation, is far more time-consuming and economically more burdensome than the in vitro whole-blood model (Hartung and Daston, 2009).…”

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

“…cooccurrence with cylindrospermopsin in the 2007 NLA. Poniedziałek et al (2015) recently reported that both cylindrospermopsin and non-cylindrospermopsin producing Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii strains isolated from European waters possessed toxic metabolites that induced human white blood cell apoptosis and necrosis after 1 h of exposure. This finding necessitates investigation to determine if North American strains possess the ability to produce these unidentified toxins.…”

Toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in European waters – recent progress achieved through the CYANOCOST Action and challenges for further research

“…This species is known for the production of CYN and STXs in warmer regions but, so far, this was not confirmed in Europe. Recent studies, however, revealed the ability of this cyanobacterium to produce unknown metabolites causing toxic effects (Poniedziałek et al, 2015). Among other alien species that occur more and more frequently in Europe are Chrysosporum bergii (Ostenfeld) E. Zapomělová, O. Skácelová, P. Pumann, R. Kopp & E. Janeček, Chrysosporum ovalisporum (Forti) E. Zapomělová, O. Skácelová, P. Pumann, R. Kopp & E. Janeček, and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides (Forti) Zapomělová, Jezberová, Hrouzek, Hisem, Reháková & Komárková.…”