Toxic metals in children's toys and jewelry: Coupling bioaccessibility with risk assessment

Cui, Xinyi; Li, Shi-Wei; Zhang, Shujun; Fan, Yingying; Lena, Q.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.035

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Final determination were made by ICP-MS and the concentration of metals were of the range of 6100 ± 2000 [ng/g] from Pb and 139 ± 3,10 [ng/g] from Cd. (Cui et al 2015). Supplementary Table S1 (supplementary materials) presents information about another examples of extraction methods and identification of compounds from the EDC group released from objects intended for children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of toxic and endocrine potential of substances migrating from selected toys and baby products

Szczepańska

Namieśnik

Kudłak

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Analysis of literature data shows that there is limited information about the harmful biological effects of mixture of compounds from the EDC group that are released from the surface of toys and objects intended for children and infants. One of the tools that can be used to obtain such information is appropriate bioanalytical tests. The aim of this research involved determining whether tests that use living organisms as an active element (Vibrio fischeri—Microtox®, Heterocypris incongruens—Ostrocodtoxkit F™ and the XenoScreen YES/YAS™ test of oestrogenic/androgenic activity) can be a tool for estimating the combined toxic effects induced by xenobiotics released from objects intended for children. To reproduce the conditions to which objects are exposed during their use, liquids with a composition corresponding to that of human bodily fluids (artificial sweat and saliva) were used. This research focused on the main parameters influencing the intensification of the migration process (temperature, contact time and composition of the extraction mixture). The studies aimed to estimate the endocrine potential of the extracts showed that compounds released from the surface of studied objects exhibit antagonistic androgenic activity. While on the basis of the results of Microtox® test, one can state that the largest quantity of toxic compounds are released in the first 2 h of using the object. The FTIR spectra analyses confirmed that no degradation of polymeric material took place. On the basis of the results obtained, it was unanimously concluded that contact of the object with bodily fluids may result in the release of a large number of xenobiotics, which has disadvantageous effects on the metabolic processes of the indicator organisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7616-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of toxic and endocrine potential of substances migrating from selected toys and baby products

Szczepańska

Namieśnik

Kudłak

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…This is in agreement with Khan et al [45], who reported that the maximum amount of Cr is accumulated in the roots followed by leaves and then fruits, which is close to findings in this study. According to Rashed [43] dicotyledon species, such as Vigna angularis, uptake and transport more Cr to shoots than monocotyledons plants, such as maize, due to differences in the rooting patterns, transpiration rates and metabolism between these two groups of plants while Cui et al [46] oppositely found that Amaranthus dubius tolerated high Cr(VI) concentrations by accumulating and transferring them to aerial parts. The outcome of this study also compares to the reported findings by Oliveira et al [47], which found that an increase in Cr concentration in the leaves may be related to higher soil Cr concentration from the spiked soil and therefore, the metal was bioaccumulated from the roots to the leaves.…”

Section: Translocation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Health Risk Associated with Edible Vegetables Grown on Cr(VI) Polluted Soils

Ongon’g

Edokpayi

Msagati

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study reports on the assessment of the growth potential of five edible vegetables, which were grown in Cr(VI) spiked soils. The vegetable plants that were used in this study were Vigna angularis, Cicer arietinum, Spinacia oleracea, Amaranthus dubius Thell and Phaseolus vulgaris. Dried ground samples from roots, stems and leaves were analysed for various oxidation states of Cr. The daily intake of chromium, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) methods were employed to assess the potential human health risks posed by these Cr oxidation states through vegetable consumption. The results showed that Vigna angularis was the only vegetable that germinated in highly concentrated Cr(VI) in the simulated soil (456 mg/kg). The highest total chromium (ChT) bioaccumulated in the roots was found in Phaseolus vulgaris at 0.8. The highest ChT translocation factor in the stem was that of Cicer arietinum and Vigna angularis at 0.30. The same plants translocated the highest ChT to the leaf at 0.7. A child or an adult consuming such contaminated Cicer arietinum vegetables were likely to take in between 508 and 785 mg/day of ChT, which are above the World Health Organisation guidelines of 220 and 340 mg/day, respectively. The highest HQ was found in Cicer arietinum at 8.7 and 13.4 for adults and children, respectively. The same species of plants also had high HI at 17.4 and 27.2 for adults and children, respectively. This indicated that consumers of the edible vegetables grown in Cr(VI) rich soils may be exposed to health risks, and the children were more likely to be vulnerable to these adverse effects than the adults.

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“…The special case of sample ST6 has made no need to apply ingestion and mouthing tests, the concentrations in the sample liquid have been considered for hazard index calculation. Depending on the designated values of the chemical intake and doses of the investigated heavy metals in sample ST6, the calculated HI has been classified into three groups: HI is higher than 1, the risk is significant, HI is between 1 -0.1, the risk is moderately significant, and HI is less than 0.1, the risk is neglected (Cui et al 2015). The results of the hazard index by ingestion obtain for sample ST6 are p resented in Table 3.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Infant Care Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-Hand Infant Care Plastic Products Sold in Markets of Kalar City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Heavy Metals Contamination and Risk Assessment

Issa

Alshatteri

2019

Journal of Garmian University

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Environmental contamination is increasingly becoming a matter of a great g lobal issue (Oke 2004). Contamination of commercial products and foodstuff with toxic elements is now a vital factor concerning human health (Kakimov et al. 2013; Stef and Gergen 2012). Plastic toys are objects that very often used by children and infants for play ing and enjoyment. Toys and other infant care products are necessary factors during the progression of the infant's life (Landrigan et al. 2004). Therefore the exposure to a number of toxic elements and heavy metals presented in in fants are possibly greater through the mouthing of toys and non-food products (Landrigan and Gold man 2011). Many infant and childcare products may contain various harmfu l co mponents such as toxic elements and heavy metals in their co mpositions (Becker et al. 2010). Hence the main potential source of exposure and transfer of dangerous chemicals and toxic elements to infants is through their toys (Decharat 2017; Earls et al. 2003). Despite the fact, the heavy metals are naturally existing in soil and rocks (Marcovecchio et al. 2007). To xic elements like heavy metals are considered as the most detrimental contaminants regarding their nonbiodegradable behavior (Kopp et al. 2018). They tend to accumulate in b iological systems like the human body (Kim et al. 2015). Heavy metals present in the environ ment may involve essential and to xic heavy metals (Issa and Alshatteri 2018; Mah mood et al. 2012). The essential metals are Co,

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Toxic metals in children's toys and jewelry: Coupling bioaccessibility with risk assessment

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of toxic and endocrine potential of substances migrating from selected toys and baby products

Assessment of toxic and endocrine potential of substances migrating from selected toys and baby products

The Potential Health Risk Associated with Edible Vegetables Grown on Cr(VI) Polluted Soils

Second-Hand Infant Care Plastic Products Sold in Markets of Kalar City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Heavy Metals Contamination and Risk Assessment

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