Toxic impact of two organophosphate insecticides on biochemical parameters of a food fish and assessment of recovery response

Abstract

Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and monocrotophos (MCP) on fish biochemical constituents were investigated along with the assessment of recovery response after cessation of intoxication. The fish, Clarias batrachus were exposed to 1.656 mg(-l) and 2.114 mg(-l) of CPF and MCP for 28 days. After 28 days, they were released in freshwater and allowed to recover for 21 days. The CPF exposure resulted in the decrease of carbohydrate and glycogen content, whereas MCP intoxication caused mixed response. Pyruvate and lactate contents were altered under the stress of CPF and MCP. Recovery of these alterations was observed after the cessation of toxicity. Exposure of C. batrachus to CPF and MCP resulted in decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the kidney, liver and muscle but its activity increased in the gills. The CPF caused inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme in all tissues. Induction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase was caused by both insecticides. Glycogen phosphorylase a was induced in all tissues, whereas glycogen phosphorylase ab showed both induction and inhibition. Of the two insecticides, CPF was more toxic and the recovery response was less. These results are important in the assessment of the risk caused by organophosphate insecticides on nontarget organisms, especially the food fish.

The role of vitamin C as antioxidant in protection of biochemical and haematological stress induced by chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Clarias batrachus

“…Olga et al (2013) reported increased blood glucose in gold fish Carassius auratus exposed to herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. A significant reduction in liver glycogen level was recorded in freshwater fish species following exposure to CPF (Tripathi and Shasmal, 2011;Narra et al, 2012). Reduction of hepatic glycogen suggests expenditure of energy due to stress caused by CPF.…”

Assessment of acute toxicity and biochemical responses to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination exposed earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae

“…In the present study, two groups of pesticides namely chlorpyrifos (50%) [O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6-trichlor- 2-pyridyl phosphorothioate; CPF; PubChem CID: 2730] (an organophosphate; OP) and cypermethrin (5%) [RS-cyano (3 phenoxybenzyl) (1RS)-cis, trans-3–(2,2-dichlorovinyl)- 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate; PubChem CID: 2912] (a pyrethroid) and their combination [chlorpyrifos (50%) + cypermethrin (5%)] were selected for acute and sub-acute toxicity evaluation in earthworm. Both Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are broad-spectrum insecticides used to control agricultural pests and have been listed as pesticides of potential concern by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [9,10]. A variety of irreversible/reversible neurobehavioral and neurotoxic effects as well as physiological and morphological alterations have been reported in earthworms even at very low concentration of pesticide [11].…”

Mechanisms of muscular electrophysiological and mitochondrial dysfunction following exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide

“…Muscle fasciculation after release of ACh makes an extra energy demand that stimulates glycogenolysis. 43,44 We found that lactate, the end product of glycolysis under hypoxic conditions, was elevated by malathion. This upward trend suggests insufficient oxygen supply for the normal metabolic function that is needed to convert pyruvate to lactate.…”